不同有机物料对灌漠土重金属累积特征及作物效应的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the long-term effects of organic materials application on heavy metal content, fractionation, crop uptake in irrigated desert soil, and in further to provide a theoretical basis and technical support to control soil heavy metals accumulation during fertilization with organic materials. 【Method】 A long-term (7 years) positioning experiment was conducted by applied with 6 types of organic materials, including chicken manure, cattle manure, pig manure, sludge, biogas residue and mushroom residue, in irrigated desert soil. Subsequently, soil heavy metal content, fractionation and crop uptake were analyzed. 【Result】 Application with chicken manure, pig manure or sludge significantly increased the soil Cu and Zn content, which was in the order of pig manure treatment＞chicken manure treatment＞sludge treatment. No significant effect on soil heavy metals was observed for the other organic materials. After application with pig manure, chicken manure and sludge, soil Cu content increased by 62.20%, 20.10% and 10.26%, respectively, while soil Zn increased by 79.98%, 39.24% and 18.31%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with application year; the average annual cumulative rates of Cu were 4.16, 1.25 and 0.97 mg·kg ^-1·a ^-1, while which for Zn were 11.04, 4.86 and 2.59 mg·kg ^-1·a ^-1, respectively; No significant effect on soil Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni was observed. The application of cattle manure, mushroom residue and biogas residue had no significant effect on the total content of Cu and Zn in soil. Application with Pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and sludge significantly affected the forms of Cu and Zn in soil, and significantly increased the proportion of the effective forms and total content of Cu and Zn in soil. 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of pig manure, chicken manure and sludge could lead to the rapid accumulation of Cu and Zn and the increase in Cu and Zn bioavailability in irrigated desert soil, especially for pig manure. In the future, more concern is needed for the heavy metals in organic fertilizers during soil fertility improvement, so as to reduce heavy metal accumulation in soil and sustaining the soil healthy and agricultural use.

Key words: heavy metal, accumulation, fractionation, organic materials, irrigated desert soils, wheat, long-term positioning experiment

SONG ZiRong,E ShengZhe,YUAN JinHua,JIA WuXia,ZENG XiBai,SU ShiMing,BAI LingYu. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Irrigated Desert Soils and Their Crop Effect After Applying Different Organic Materials[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19): 3367-3379.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Statistic values of total elemental content of some heavy metals in different organic materials"

元素 Element	有机物料 Organic material	含量变化范围 Rang of content（mg·kg^-1）	平均值 Average value（mg·kg^-1）	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 CV（%）
Cd	鸡粪Chicken manure	0.17—0.38	0.28	0.09	31.82
	牛粪Cattle manure	0.11—0.71	0.31	0.21	69.61
	猪粪Pig manure	0.23—0.75	0.47	0.19	41.29
	菌渣 Mushroom residue	0.00—0.48	0.17	0.18	105.75
	污泥Sludge	0.53—0.65	0.58	0.05	8.37
	沼渣Biogas residue	0.05—0.36	0.19	0.12	60.19
Cr	鸡粪Chicken manure	35.45—169.07	92.46	47.96	81.87
	牛粪Cattle manure	4.31—136.26	59.76	51.47	86.13
	猪粪Pig manure	4.89—116.13	55.19	43.51	78.84
	菌渣Mushroom residue	4.50—94.32	42.25	38.31	90.67
	污泥Sludge	58.91—185.09	119.45	46.55	38.97
	沼渣Biogas residue	10.58—127.10	59.34	45.96	77.46
Cu	鸡粪Chicken manure	42.64—217.09	84.65	65.17	76.99
	牛粪Cattle manure	18.90—40.10	31.69	7.69	24.25
	猪粪Pig manure	88.00—845.15	401.97	327.73	81.53
	菌渣Mushroom residue	6.33—32.63	19.30	8.99	46.59
	污泥Sludge	58.00—110.40	78.80	16.12	20.45
	沼渣Biogas residue	22.04—33.94	27.60	5.55	20.10
Ni	鸡粪Chicken manure	17.21—58.64	35.12	15.96	45.43
	牛粪Cattle manure	5.01—54.16	28.14	17.36	61.69
	猪粪Pig manure	7.08—66.30	32.60	20.75	63.65
	菌渣Mushroom residue	8.50—38.70	25.00	11.44	45.75
	污泥Sludge	14.68—66.90	44.48	18.29	41.11
	沼渣Biogas residue	7.99—55.90	30.95	17.99	58.11
Pb	鸡粪Chicken manure	20.81—28.91	23.98	2.81	11.72
	牛粪Cattle manure	8.72—32.20	18.57	7.45	40.11
	猪粪Pig manure	9.97—29.70	21.67	6.19	28.54
	菌渣Mushroom residue	8.40—25.14	20.16	5.58	27.70
	污泥Sludge	31.60—38.20	33.89	2.09	6.18
	沼渣Biogas residue	7.40—29.30	18.54	7.75	41.80
Zn	鸡粪Chicken manure	160.61—765.22	319.56	219.59	68.72
	牛粪Cattle manure	34.99—121.30	76.72	30.18	39.34
	猪粪Pig manure	503.00—1405.65	940.58	360.18	38.29
	菌渣Mushroom residue	11.61—76.15	44.88	26.60	59.27
	污泥Sludge	173.60—310.40	251.74	40.92	16.25
	沼渣Biogas residue	48.11—89.90	66.19	19.65	29.69

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 6

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pH	CaCO₃ (%)	有机质 SOM	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	全钾 TK		碱解氮 Hydrolyzable N	速效磷 Avai. P	速效钾 Avai. K	全盐 Total salt
pH	CaCO₃ (%)	(g·kg^-1)					(mg·kg^-1)
8.67	9.56	16.21	1.0	0.82	22.2		68.31	16.70	109	0.53

处理 Treatment	Cd	Cr	Cu	Ni	Pb	Zn
处理 Treatment	(mg·kg^-1)
CK	0.22±0.03a	120.58±2.20a	33.00±0.57a	56.93±0.88a	24.48±0.34ab	74.55±1.85a
NP	0.19±0.05a	123.22±2.93a	33.23±0.73a	58.33±2.74a	24.63±0.84ab	73.44±1.44a
NP+JF	0.23±0.01a	128.80±13.34a	39.91±3.85c	59.23±5.44a	26.77±2.81b	102.26±6.09c
NP+NF	0.23±0.05a	118.15±4.12a	32.44±1.28a	56.03±2.58a	25.24±1.44ab	76.96±1.04a
NP+ZF	0.23±0.06a	119.43±11.24a	53.90±1.76d	54.28±1.08a	23.91±0.81a	132.18±6.25d
NP+JZ	0.20±0.01a	117.68±5.21a	32.64±0.31a	55.83±1.20a	24.57±0.30ab	73.82±0.34a
NP+WN	0.23±0.02a	120.19±3.20a	36.64±1.41b	55.42±1.51a	26.84±1.37b	86.89±3.62b
NP+ZZ	0.22±0.03a	123.31±5.58a	33.71±0.40a	57.02±2.97a	24.13±1.64ab	76.59±2.98a

处理 Treatment	Cu-Y	R²	Zn-Y	R²
CK	Y=0.321X+31.285	0.613	Y=0.294X+72.943	0.357
NP	Y=0.313X+30.996	0.717	Y=0.099X+72.87	0.144
NP+JF	Y=1.252X+30.597	0.952**	Y=4.868X+67.779	0.963**
NP+NF	Y=0.174X+31.717	0.454	Y=0.730X+72.089	0.906**
NP+ZF	Y=4.158X+28.419	0.910**	Y=11.043X+58.695	0.978**
NP+JZ	Y=0.129X+31.546	0.086	Y=0.264X+72.156	0.317
NP+WN	Y=0.969X+29.955	0.932**	Y=2.587X+69.933	0.942**
NP+ZZ	Y=0.378X+30.78	0.902**	Y=0.653X+71.467	0.848**

处理 Treatment	Cd	Cr	Cu	Ni	Pb	Zn
处理 Treatment	(mg·kg^-1)
CK	0.04±0.01a	0.07±0.02a	1.95±0.09a	0.64±0.08a	1.22±0.07a	0.87±0.13a
NP	0.04±0.01a	0.07±0.02a	1.88±0.10a	0.65±0.07a	1.22±0.13a	0.97±0.18a
NP+JF	0.05±0.01a	0.04±0.01b	2.79±0.40b	0.72±0.06ab	1.22±0.18a	7.62±1.66c
NP+NF	0.05±0.01a	0.08±0.03a	1.94±0.25a	0.71±0.05ab	1.32±0.29a	1.55±0.07a
NP+ZF	0.05±0.01a	0.06±0.01ab	9.16±0.40c	0.71±0.01ab	1.23±0.08a	18.76±2.04d
NP+JZ	0.04±0.01a	0.06±0.01ab	1.74±0.03a	0.62±0.03a	1.08±0.09a	1.00±0.12a
NP+WN	0.06±0.02a	0.04±0.01b	2.62±0.49b	0.76±0.07b	1.30±0.31a	5.03±1.34b
NP+ZZ	0.05±0.01a	0.08±0.02a	1.86±0.28a	0.68±0.06ab	1.21±0.28a	1.55±0.35a

赋存形态 Occurrence form	Cu			Zn
赋存形态 Occurrence form	籽粒Grain	秸秆Straw	根Root	籽粒Grain	秸秆Straw	根Root
水溶态Water soluble form	0.034	0.421*	0.728**	—	—	—
离子交换态Exchangeable form	0.082	0.692**	0.768**	-0.109	0.474*	0.668**
碳酸盐结合态Carbonated form	-0.06	0.651**	0.766**	-0.008	0.537**	0.719**
腐殖酸结合态Humic acid combination form	0.196	0.645**	0.785**	-0.003	0.559**	0.720**
铁锰氧化态Fe - Mn oxidation form	0.035	0.748**	0.742**	0.114	0.570**	0.637**
强有机结合态Strong organism combination form	-0.043	0.535**	0.633**	-0.108	0.214	0.412*
残渣态Residual form	0.201	0.561**	0.321	-0.001	0.26	0.039

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Irrigated Desert Soils and Their Crop Effect After Applying Different Organic Materials

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