Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (13): 2368-2378.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.015

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE·RESOURCE INSECT • Previous Articles    

Effect of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Levels on Physiological Function of Apis mellifera ligustica Worker Bee Larvae

YU Jing,ZHANG WeiXing,MA LanTing,XU BaoHua()   

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2019-03-07 Accepted:2019-03-27 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-11
  • Contact: BaoHua XU E-mail:bhxu@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effect of dietary α-linolenic acid levels on the antioxidant activity and immunity of Apis mellifera ligustica worker bee larvae. 【Method】 Twelve hundreds 1-day-old worker bee larvae were randomly divided into 5 group, with 5 replicates in each group and 48 worker bee larvae in each replicate. The control group was fed with basic diets without α-linolenic acid, and the 4 treatment groups were fed experimental diets containing different amounts of α-linolenic acid (0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, and 0.08%). According to the indoor feeding in vitro method, the 1-day-old worker bee larvae were moved to a 24-well cell culture plate with 200 μL diet at suitable temperature. The larvae were moved by worm-moving needle. The culture plate was placed in a constant temperature incubator (temperature 33℃, relative humidity 55%), the diet was changed daily during the test. Feeding until the end of the 6th day or the beginning of the 7th day, when the larvae started to stand upright or defecate, the larvae were moved to the 24-well cell culture plate covered with sterilized paper in advance to prepare for pupation. From the 1st day of feeding, the death number of larvae and pupae was checked and recorded every day, and the dead individuals were removed in time until all adult emerged. The number of undead pupae and emergence new bees was recorded, and pupation rate and emergence rate were calculated. The 5-, 6- and 7-day-old worker bee larvae were used to measure antioxidant, immune, lipid metabolism indexes and related gene expression. 【Result】 When the addition level of α-linolenic acid in the diet was 0.02% and 0.04%, the pupation rate and emergence rate were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups (P<0.05), while the contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the hemolymph of worker bee larvae were significantly lower than those of the control group, the content of high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased when the addition level of α-linolenic acid was 0.04% (P<0.05). When the addition level of α-linolenic acid was 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06%, the activities of lysozyme and phenoloxidase (PO) of 6-day-old worker bee larvae were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). When the addition level of α-linolenic acid was 0.04%, the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) of 6-day-old worker bee larvae were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). When the addition level of α-linolenic acid was 0.04%, the relative expression levels of lysozyme and PO of 5- and 7-day-old worker bee larvae were significantly higher than those in the control group, but when the addition level of α-linolenic acid was 0.08%, the relative expression level of lysozyme was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Different dietary supplementation levels of α-linolenic acid have significant effects on antioxidant activity and immunity of A. m. ligustica worker bee larvae, and the appropriate addition level of α-linolenic acid in larval diet is 0.02%-0.04%.

Key words: Apis mellifera ligustica, worker bee, α-linolenic acid, addition level, antioxidant activity, immunity

Table 1

Composition of experimental diets"

原料
Ingredient
α-亚麻酸添加水平 Level of α-linolenic acid (%)
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
蜂王浆 Royal jelly
葡萄糖 Glucose
果糖 Fructose
酵母提取物 Yeast extract
无菌水 Sterile water
α-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid
合计Total
50.00
6.00
6.00
1.00
37.00
0
100.00
50.00
6.00
6.00
1.00
37.00
0.02
100.00
50.00
6.00
6.00
1.00
37.00
0.04
100.00
50.00
6.00
6.00
1.00
37.00
0.06
100.00
50.00
6.00
6.00
1.00
37.00
0.08
100.00

Table 2

Primer sequences of target genes "

目的基因
Target gene
引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)
产物长度
Product length (bp)
GenBank登录号
GenBank accession number
酚氧化酶基因
PO
F: ATGAGGACTTCCTGTCTGTTGCAG
R: CTTCGGTAAGCGGTGGTACTGG
132 XM_026444741.1
溶菌酶基因
lysozyme
F: TCGCACTACTCGCCACGATA
R: TTTGATGCAGAGCGAGAGCG
114 NM_001011614.1

Table 3

Effect of α-linolenic acid levels on pupation rate and emergence rate of worker bee larvae"

项目
Item
α-亚麻酸添加水平Level of α-linolenic acid (%) P
P-value
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
化蛹率
Pupation rate (%)
82.86±0.80a
86.31±1.07a
84.65±0.26a
73.70±0.71b
51.14±0.56c
<0.0001
羽化率
Emergence rate (%)
60.00±0.39a
62.45±0.86a
52.50±0.35b
23.33±1.33c
16.67±0.66d
<0.0001

Table 4

Effect of α-linolenic acid levels on biochemical indexes in hemolymph of worker bee larvae"

项目
Item
α-亚麻酸添加水平Level of α-linolenic acid (%) P
P-value
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
总蛋白TP (g·L-1) 40.80±0.37ab 39.38±1.31b 36.08±1.27c 42.42±0.74a 40.70±1.36ab 0.0013
甘油三酯TG (mmol·L-1) 3.36±0.39a 1.59±0.04b 1.58±0.01b 2.01±0.21b 1.56±0.13b 0.0002
总胆固醇TC (mmol·L-1) 0.94±0.01a 0.59±0.03c 0.63±0.02c 0.77±0.01b 0.78±0.03b <0.0001
高密度脂蛋白HDL (mmol·L-1) 0.38±0.01c 0.60±0.01b 0.79±0.03a 0.66±0.07b 0.40±0.03c <0.0001
低密度脂蛋白LDL (mmol·L-1) 0.17±0.01a 0.13±0.01b 0.09±0.01c 0.14±0.01b 0.18±0.00a <0.0001

Table 5

Effect of α-linolenic acid levels on crude fat content of worker bee larvae (air-dry basis, %)"

项目
Item
α-亚麻酸添加水平 Level of α-linolenic acid (%) P
P-value
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
5日龄幼虫 5-day-old larva 7.89±0.54c 13.80±0.47b 9.50±0.40c 16.30±0.23a 13.62±1.47b 0.0002
7日龄幼虫 7-day-old larva 12.05±0.82c 13.49±0.11abc 12.35±0.07bc 14.61±0.87a 15.76±1.01a 0.0190

Fig. 1

Effect of α-linolenic acid levels on antioxidant indexes of 6-day-old worker bee larvae Different lowercases on the bars indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 2

Effect of α-linolenic acid levels on lipid metabolization-related enzyme activity of 6-day-old worker bee larvae"

Fig. 3

Lysozyme and PO activities of 6-day-old worker bee larvae"

Fig. 4

Relative expression of PO and lysozyme"

[1] MANNING R . Fatty acids in pollen: A review of their importance for honey bees. Bee World, 2001,82(2):60-75.
doi: 10.1080/0005772X.2001.11099504
[2] 吴俏槿, 杜冰, 蔡尤林, 梁钻好, 林志光, 邱国亮, 董立军 . α-亚麻酸的生理功能及开发研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2016,37(10):386-390.
WU Q J, DU B, CAI Y L, LIANG Z H, LIN Z G, QIU G L, DONG L J . Research development of alpha-linolenic acid. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2016,37(10):386-390. (in Chinese)
[3] FELDLAUFER M F, KNOX D A, LUSBY W R, SHIMANUKI H . Antimicrobial activity of fatty acids against Bacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood disease. Apidologie, 1993,24:95-99.
[4] ARIEN Y, DAG A, ZARCHIN S, MASCI T, SHAFIR S . Omega-3 deficiency impairs honey bee learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015,112(51):15761-15766.
[5] 李兴鹏, 宋丽文, 陈越渠, 李亚男, 左彤彤, 武三安 . 不同脂肪源人工饲料对蠋蝽生长发育及生殖力的影响. 林业科学, 2018,54(6):85-93.
LI X P, SONG L W, CHEN Y Q, LI Y N, ZUO T T, WU S A . Influence of different fatty acids in artificial diets on growth, development and fecundity of Arma chinensis. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018,54(6):85-93. (in Chinese)
[6] 姚思宇, 赵鹏, 李彬, 李风文, 马宇燕, 覃辉艳, 张陆娟, 苏爱荣, 梁慧莉 . α-亚麻酸对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究. 中国热带医学, 2007,7(3):334-349.
YAO S Y, ZHAO P, LI B, LI F W, MA Y Y, QIN H Y, ZHANG L J, SU A R, LIANG H L . Experimental study on the effect of linolenic acid on enhancement of mice’s immune function. China Tropical Medicine, 2007,7(3):334-349. (in Chinese)
[7] 朱保忠, 李琳 . α-亚麻酸与抗氧化剂联用对果蝇寿命及小鼠抗氧化能力的影响. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2008,12(7):1264-1267.
ZHU B Z, LI L . Influence of alpha-linoleic acid plus anti-oxidant agent on drosophila life and mouse antioxidation ability. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 2008,12(7):1264-1267. (in Chinese)
[8] 马兰婷 . 代用花粉中α-亚麻酸水平对蜜蜂采食量、群势及脂质代谢的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2013.
MA L T . Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid level on intake, colony development and lipid metabolism of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[9] VANDENBERG J D, SHIMANNUKI H . Technique for rearing worker honeybees in the laboratory. Journal of Apicultural Research, 1987,26(2):90-97.
doi: 10.1080/00218839.1987.11100743
[10] 王颖 . 营养和空间因素对蜜蜂级型分化的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2015.
WANG Y . Effects of nutritional factors and living space on the caste determination of honey bees[D]. Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[11] 王少梅, 陈少莲, 崔奕波 . 用氯仿-甲醇抽提法测定鱼体脂肪含量的研究. 水生生物学报, 1993,17(2):193-196.
WANG S M, CHEN S L, CUI Y B . Study on the procedures of chloroform-methanol extraction for the determination of lipid content of fish samples. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1993,17(2):193-196. (in Chinese)
[12] 潘瑜, 陈文燕, 林仕梅, 高启平, 罗莉 . 亚麻油替代鱼油对鲤鱼生长性能、肝胰脏脂质代谢及抗氧化能力的影响. 动物营养学报, 2014,26(2):420-426.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.02.018
PAN Y, CHEN W Y, LIN S M, GAO Q P, LUO L . Effect of replacement of fish oil by linseed oil on growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant ability in hepatopancreas of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) . Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014,26(2):420-426. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.02.018
[13] 刘利晓 . 富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸鸡肉的研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2007.
LIU L X . Study on producing of chicken meat enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[14] 汪鲲 . n-3多不饱和脂肪酸在蛋黄和组织中的富集规律及其对产蛋鸡脂类代谢的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2000.
WANG K . Enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in egg yolk and tissue and its effect on lipid metabolism of laying hens[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. (in Chinese)
[15] LOPEZ-FERRER S, BAUCELLS M D, BARROETA A C, GALOBART J, GRASHORN M A . n-3 enrichment of chicken meat. 2. Use of precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Linseed oil. Poultry Science, 2001,80(6):753-761.
doi: 10.1093/ps/80.6.753
[16] 杜海涛, 王春阳, 王雪鹏, 麻名文, 李福昌 . 日粮α-亚麻酸水平对断奶至2月龄肉兔生长性能、脂肪酸构成及肝脏相关基因mRNA表达的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2011,42(5):671-678.
DU H T, WANG C Y, WANG X P, MA M W, LI F C . Effect of α-linolenic acid in diets on growth performance, fatty acids composition of tissues and ACC and CPTl mRNA expression of liver related genes in weaned to 2-month-old rabbits. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2011,42(5):671-678. (in Chinese)
[17] 张月月, 马振刚 . 一种高效收集蜜蜂血淋巴的新方法. 中国蜂业, 2017,68(6):64.
ZHANG Y Y, MA Z G . A new method for efficient collection of haemolymph of bees. Apiculture of China, 2017,68(6):64. (in Chinese)
[18] 姚林杰, 叶元土, 蔡春芳, 许凡, 刘猛, 刘汉超, 董娇娇, 陈科全, 黄雨薇 . 团头鲂幼鱼饲料中α-亚麻酸、亚油酸的适宜含量. 动物营养学报, 2015,27(3):766-774.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.014
YAO L J, YE Y T, CAI C F, XU F, LIU M, LIU H C, DONG J J, CHEN K Q, HUANG Y W . Optimal dietary α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015,27(3):766-774. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.014
[19] SANGIOVANNI J P, CHEW E Y . The role of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease of the retina. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 2005,24(1):87-138. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.06.002
[20] 双金, 黎明, 敖力格日玛, 侯先志, 闫素梅, . 亚麻籽对肉羊血清脂蛋白和脂肪代谢相关生化指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2014,26(4):918-929.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.011
SHUANG J, LI M, AO L, HOU X Z, YAN S M . Effects of flaxseed on serum biochemical indices related to lipoprotein and fat metabolism of meat sheep. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014,26(4):918-929. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.011
[21] 许继取 . 亚麻酸对高脂大鼠血脂影响及促进肝脏SR-BI表达机制研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2006.
XU J Q . Effect of α-linolenic acid on plasma lipid of rats with high fat diet and mechanism of increasing hepatocyte SR-BI expression[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2006. (in Chinese)
[22] MEDEIROS D M, HAMPTON M, KURTZER K, PARELMAN M, AL-TAMIMI E, DROUILLARD J S . Feeding enriched omega-3 fatty acid beef to rats increases omega-3 fatty acid content of heart and liver membranes and decreases serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and cholesterol levels. Nutrition Research, 2007,27(5):295-299.
doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.003
[23] MERSMANN H J, HOUK J M, PHINNEY G, UNDERWOOD M C, BROWN L J . Lipogenesis by in vitro liver and adipose tissue preparations from neonatal swine. American Journal of Physiology, 1973,224(5):1123-1129.
[24] TOUSSANT M J, WILSON M D, CLARKE S D . Coordinate suppression of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase by polyunsaturated fat. The Journal of Nutrition, 1981,111(1):146-153.
doi: 10.1093/jn/111.1.146
[25] BLAKE W L, CLARKE S D . Suppression of rat hepatic fatty acid synthase and S14 gene transcription by dietary polyunsaturated fat. The Journal of Nutrition, 1990,120(12):1727-1729.
doi: 10.1093/jn/120.12.1727
[26] ZHANG L D, LI H C, CHONG T, GAO M, YIN J, FU D L, DENG Q WANG Z M . Prepubertal exposure to genistein alleviates Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced testicular oxidative stress in adult rats. BioMed Research International, 2014, 2014: Article ID 598630.
[27] 葛双双, 张雯雯, 李坤, 徐涓, 刘兰香, 郑华, 张弘 . 余甘子核仁油的体外抗氧化活性及其作用机理. 食品科学, 2017,38(15):127-134.
GE S S, ZHANG W W, LI K, XU J, LIU L X, ZHENG H, ZHANG H . Antioxidant activity and mechanism in vitro of Phyllanthus emblica L. seed oil. Food Science, 2017,38(15):127-134. (in Chinese)
[28] 张利华, 张薇, 韦广洪, 杨沛, 刘军, 牛晓琳 . α-亚麻酸对糖尿病大鼠炎症介质和氧化应激的影响. 中国应用生理学杂志, 2012,28(1):64-67.
ZHANG L H, ZHANG W, WEI G H, YANG P, LIU J, NIU X L . Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology, 2012,28(1):64-67. (in Chinese)
[29] WILSON K, COTTER S C, REESON A F, PELL J K . Melanism and disease resistance in insects. Ecology Letters, 2001,4(6):637-649.
doi: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00279.x
[30] RANTALA M J, KOSKIMAKI J, TASKINEN J, TYNKKYNEN K, SUHONEN J . Immunocompetence, developmental stability and wingspot size in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens L. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2000,267(1460):2453-2457.
[31] COTTER S C, KRUUK L E B, WILSON K . Costs of resistance: genetic correlations and potential trade-offs in an insect immune system. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2004,17(2):421-429.
[32] KRAAIJEVELD A R, LIMENTANI E C, GODFRAY H C . Basis of the trade-off between parasitoid resistance and larval competitive ability in Drosophila melanogaster. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2001,268(1464):259-261.
[33] BEDICK J C, TUNAZ H, NOR ALIZA A R, PUTNAM S M, ELLIS M D, STANLEY D W . Eicosanoids act in nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in newly emerged adult honey bees, Apis mellifera, but not in older foragers. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2001,130(1):107-117.
[34] 双金, 金曙光, 包鹏云, 杨爱军, 嘎尔迪 . 探讨富含α-亚麻酸的添加剂对奶牛脂肪代谢及免疫功能的影响. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2004(11):16-18.
SHUANG J, JIN S G, BAO P Y, YANG A J, GA R D . Investigation of the effects of alpha-linolenic acid-rich additives on fat metabolism and immune function of dairy cows.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2004(11):16-18. (in Chinese)
[35] LESSARD M, GAGNON N, GODSON D L, PETIT H V . Influence of parturition and diets enriched in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune response of dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Dairy Science, 2004,87(7):2197-2210.
doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70040-5
[36] 陈士勇, 呙于明, 夏兆刚, 袁建敏 . 不同类型多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能及肝脏脂质过氧化的影响. 营养学报, 2003,25(4):383-388.
CHEN S Y, GUO Y M, XIA Z G, YUAN J M . Effects of different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids on humoral immune function and hepatic lipid peroxidation of laying hens. Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2003,25(4):383-388. (in Chinese)
[1] XIAO GuiHua,WEN Kang,HAN Jian,HAO ChenXing,YE RongChun,ZHU YiChi,XIAO ShunYuan,DENG ZiNiu,MA XianFeng. Effects of Calcium on Growth and Development of Poncirus trifoliata and Resistance to Citrus Canker [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3767-3778.
[2] DU Yu,FAN XiaoXue,JIANG HaiBin,WANG Jie,FENG RuiRong,ZHANG WenDe,YU KeJun,LONG Qi,CAI ZongBing,XIONG CuiLing,ZHENG YanZhen,CHEN DaFu,FU ZhongMin,XU GuoJun,GUO Rui. MicroRNA-Mediated Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Apis mellifera ligustica Worker to Nosema ceranae [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(8): 1805-1820.
[3] YAN DuoZi,CAI Ni,WANG Feng,NONG XiangQun,WANG GuangJun,TU XiongBing,ZHANG ZeHua. Expression in vitro of Metarhizium anisopliae Adhesin MAD1 and Its Effect on Inducing Response in Peanut [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 744-753.
[4] HOU ChengLi,HUANG CaiYan,ZHENG XiaoChun,LIU WeiHua,YANG Qi,ZHANG DeQuan. Changes of Antioxidant Activity and Its Possible Mechanism in Tan Sheep Meat in Different Postmortem Time [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(23): 5110-5124.
[5] ZHAO Shan,ZHONG LingLi,QIN Lin,HUANG ShiQun,LI Xi,ZHENG XingGuo,LEI XinYu,LEI ShaoRong,GUO LingAn,FENG JunYan. Effects of Different Drying Methods on Functional Components and Antioxidant Activity in Sweet Potato Leaves [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4650-4663.
[6] GAO Yan,ZHU YaNan,LI QiuFang,SU SongKun,NIE HongYi. Transcriptomic Analysis of Genes Related to Nursing Behavior in the Brains of Apis mellifera ligustica [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(19): 4092-4102.
[7] GENG SiHai,SHI CaiYun,FAN XiaoXue,WANG Jie,ZHU ZhiWei,JIANG HaiBin,FAN YuanChan,CHEN HuaZhi,DU Yu,WANG XinRui,XIONG CuiLing,ZHENG YanZhen,FU ZhongMin,CHEN DaFu,GUO Rui. The Mechanism Underlying MicroRNAs-Mediated Nosema ceranae Infection to Apis mellifera ligustica Worker [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(15): 3187-3204.
[8] LI Jie,JIA XuChao,ZHANG RuiFen,LIU Lei,CHI JianWei,HUANG Fei,DONG LiHong,ZHANG MingWei. Isolation, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Black Sesame Melanin [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(12): 2477-2492.
[9] DU Yu,FAN XiaoXue,JIANG HaiBin,WANG Jie,FAN YuanChan,ZHU ZhiWei,ZHOU DingDing,WAN JieQi,LU JiaXuan,XIONG CuiLing,ZHENG YanZhen,CHEN DaFu,GUO Rui. The Potential Role of MicroRNAs and MicroRNA-Mediated Competing Endogenous Networks During the Developmental Process of Apis mellifera ligustica Worker’s Midgut [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(12): 2512-2526.
[10] Yu DU,DingDing ZHOU,JieQi WAN,JiaXuan LU,XiaoXue FAN,YuanChan FAN,Heng CHEN,CuiLing XIONG,YanZhen ZHENG,ZhongMin FU,GuoJun XU,DaFu CHEN,Rui GUO. Profiling and Regulation Network of Differentially Expressed Genes During the Development Process of Apis mellifera ligustica Worker’s Midgut [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 201-212.
[11] FU ZhongMin,CHEN HuaZhi,LIU SiYa,ZHU ZhiWei,FAN XiaoXue,FAN YuanChan,WAN JieQi,ZHANG Lu,XIONG CuiLing,XU GuoJun,CHEN DaFu,GUO Rui. Immune Responses of Apis mellifera ligustia to Nosema ceranae Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(17): 3069-3082.
[12] LI Zhen,LIU ZhiYong,JIANG WuJun,HE XuJiang,YAN WeiYu,ZHANG LiZhen,ZENG ZhiJiang. Effects of Natural Bee Bread on Blood Lipid, Antioxidation and Immune Function in Rats with Hyperlipidemia [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2912-2920.
[13] GUO Rui,DU Yu,TONG XinYu,XIONG CuiLing,ZHENG YanZhen,XU GuoJun,WANG HaiPeng,GENG SiHai,ZHOU DingDing,GUO YiLong,WU SuZhen,CHEN DaFu. Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs and Their Regulation Networks in Apis mellifera ligustica Larval Gut During the Early Stage of Ascosphaera apis Infection [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 166-180.
[14] ZHANG YiHao, FENG HongJie, YUAN Yuan, JIN YuYing, SHI YongQiang, ZHANG ChaoJun, LI FuGuang. Induced Immunity Effect and Mechanism of the Weak Pathogenicity Isolate of Verticillium dahliae Vd171 Against Verticillium Wilt in Cotton [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(6): 1067-1078.
[15] WANG Fei, LI XianYang, HUA XiaoTing, XIA QingYou. Screening and Analysis of Anti-BmNPV Cytokines in Silkworm (Bombyx mori) [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(4): 789-799.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!