氮素用量对膜下滴灌甜瓜产量以及氮素平衡、硝态氮累积的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The study was aimed at dealing with the problems of fertilization on muskmelon production in field, and the effects of fertilizer on muskmelon yields, soil nitrate accumulation, nitrogen balance of soil nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation were investigated. The purpose of this study was to provide theoretical basis for rational amount of applied nitrogen in muskmelon of fertigation system in Hexi irrigating region.【Method】The field experiment was carried out under plastic mulching with drip irrigation in muskmelon using the split plot design from 2016 to 2017. There was five nitrogen levels, including 0 (N₀), 60 (N₆₀), 120 (N₁₂₀), 180 (N₁₈₀), and 240 kg·hm ^-2 (N₂₄₀), in sub plots to investigate the influence of different fertilizing amount of nitrogen on nutrient absorption and yield of muskmelon. The soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and accumulation were measured at the seeding, vining, fruit-set and mature stages. Furthermore, we also measured the yield of muskmelon at maturity.【Result】The results showed that the yield of the N₁₈₀ treatment was higher than other treatments but it was showed no significant difference compared to N₂₄₀. Nitrogen absorption of melon fruits and nitrogen harvest index were highest under N₁₈₀ treatment. And the higher nitrogen recover efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency were observed under the treatment of N₁₈₀for two years, the ranges about 39.59%-40.22%, 56.61-61.44 kg·kg ^-1 and 142.98-152.76 kg·kg ^-1, respectively. And the highest soil NO₃ ^--N content were observed at 0-40 cm soil layers of each treatment at the harvest stage of melon. Meanwhile, the soil NO₃ ^--N contents were reduced with the increasing of depth in 0-100 cm soil profiles, and soil NO₃ ^--N accumulates increased with increasing of the application amount of chemical fertilizer nitrogen. And soil NO₃ ^--N accumulation of each treatment (0-40 cm) accounted for 46.74%-51.84% of total accumulation (0-100 cm). Melon nitrogen uptakes, soil NO₃ ^--N accumulation and nitrogen apparent loss were positively correlated with the nitrogen application rates. Melon nitrogen uptakes, soil NO₃ ^--N accumulation and nitrogen apparent loss accounted for 41.27%-41.36%,42.62%-43.41% and 15.32%-16.02% of the total nitrogen input, respectively.【Conclusion】The best nitrogen application rate was 180 kg·hm ^-2 under plastic cover with drip irrigation in melon production of Hexi corridor oasis irrigation area.

Key words: muskmelon, drip irrigation, nitrogen accumulation, nitrate accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen balance

XUE Liang,MA ZhongMing,DU ShaoPing,FENG ShouJiang,RAN ShengBin. Effects of Application of Nitrogen on Melon Yield, Nitrogen Balance and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation Under Plastic Mulching with Drip Irrigation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(4): 690-700.

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土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	pH		容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)		有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)		全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)		硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)		速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)		速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
0-20	8.44	8.39	1.38	1.36	6.24	5.67	0.55	0.68	8.85	7.45	25.77	27.38	101.07	142.33
20-40	8.31	8.32	1.60	1.51	6.25	5.24	0.53	0.57	4.44	3.17	28.37	36.51	69.97	106.07
40-60	8.37	8.32	1.58	1.54	4.07	4.03	0.34	0.42	3.79	2.39	37.00	33.06	62.07	122.50
60-80	8.29	8.37	1.53	1.61	5.43	4.65	0.49	0.51	4.65	3.58	23.64	29.85	107.90	87.83
80-100	8.33	8.30	1.45	1.40	8.58	5.10	0.58	0.54	4.34	4.45	44.22	30.76	118.60	132.59

处理 Treatment	单瓜重 Average fruit weight (kg)		商品率 Commodity rate (%)		商品瓜产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)		干物质量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)		可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid (%)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
N₀	1.88d	1.89d	76.73	75.30	28866d	28478d	5632d	5501d	12.05	11.56
N₆₀	1.99c	2.00c	82.75	81.37	32949c	32563c	6121c	6068c	12.64	12.81
N₁₂₀	2.14b	2.16b	85.95	84.02	36803b	36315b	6726b	6581b	13.15	13.06
N₁₈₀	2.31a	2.28a	86.37	84.76	39925a	38668a	7291ab	6996ab	14.24	14.59
N₂₄₀	2.33a	2.30a	86.09	84.55	40138a	39138a	7433a	7256a	14.47	13.98

处理 Treatment	果实氮吸收量 N absorption (kg·hm^-2)		氮收获指数 NHI (%)		氮素吸收利用率 NRE (%)		氮素农学效率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)		氮素生理利用率 NPE (kg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
N₀	40.02d	43.93c	76.54	80.54	–	–	–	–	–	–
N₆₀	73.55c	75.33bc	83.00	84.59	60.53a	50.04a	68.06a	68.10a	112.44c	136.09b
N₁₂₀	92.50b	87.50b	83.73	84.58	48.48b	46.65ab	66.14a	65.31a	136.43b	140.01a
N₁₈₀	106.24a	102.68a	85.20	85.29	40.22c	39.59b	61.44a	56.61ab	152.76a	142.98a
N₂₄₀	104.02a	101.25a	82.27	81.94	30.90d	30.78c	46.97b	44.42b	152.01a	141.26a

氮输入量N input								氮输出量 N output
施氮量 N rate (kg·hm^-2)		起始NO₃^--N Initial NO₃^--N		矿化量 Mineral N		总输入量 Total input		作物带出 Melon uptake		残留NO₃^--N Residual NO₃^--N		表观损失 Apparent loss
2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
0	0	77.42	61.18	37.40	55.95	114.82e	109.91e	52.29c	51.66d	62.53e	58.25e	0	0
60	60	77.42	61.18	37.40	55.95	174.82d	169.91d	88.61b	81.68c	79.54d	82.09d	6.67d	6.13d
120	120	77.42	61.18	37.40	55.95	234.82c	229.91c	110.47b	107.64b	105.46c	101.60c	18.89c	20.67c
180	180	77.42	61.18	37.40	55.95	294.82b	289.91b	124.69a	122.93a	124.31b	128.87b	45.82b	38.11b
240	240	77.42	61.18	37.40	55.95	354.82a	349.91a	126.44a	125.53a	137.81a	144.03a	90.57a	80.34a

Effects of Application of Nitrogen on Melon Yield, Nitrogen Balance and Soil Nitrogen Accumulation Under Plastic Mulching with Drip Irrigation

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