小麦根中NADP-脱氢酶系统关键酶活性与根系活力和产量的关系分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.11.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Field experiments were conducted to explore activities of key enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root NADP-dehydrogenase system and their relationships with root vigor and grain yield under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilization in the typical field on the Huang-Huai Plain, in China.【Method】A split block design was employed with 2 semi-winterness wheat cultivars, Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 27, and 6 nitrogen fertilizer application rates: 0 (N0), 135 (N1), 157.5 (N2), 180 (N3), 202.5 (N4), and 225 kg N·hm^-2 (N5). Activities of NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) and root vigor by improved TTC method were measured prior to wintering, and at re-growing, jointing, heading, grain filling and late dough stage. And then, the relationships between activities of these key enzymes with root vigor at different growth stages and grain yield were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that dynamics of root vigor had a “high-low-high-low” trend during the whole wheat growing period. Activities of NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) were all increased at first and then decreased. However, difference in activities of these key enzymes was not significant at 5% probability level after grain-filling stage. Before jointing stage, activities of key enzymes in the NADP-dehydrogenase system were greater in N0 than those in nitrogen application treatments N1-N5. However, from jointing to heading stage, activities of key enzymes and root vigor under the treatments from N1 to N5 were significantly higher than that under N0. Further analysis pointed out that both activity of NADP-dehydrogenases and root vigor were decreased with the decrease of nitrogen fertilization rate. Compared with N5, decrease both in activities of NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH), and in root vigor under N4 were the least. Nitrogen application rate significantly affected wheat grain yield and its components. Compared with N0, wheat spikes per unit area and grains per spike were significantly increased under nitrogen treatments N1-N5. Average grain yield in 2 experimental years indicated that yield under N5 was the highest, 9 238.02 kg·hm^-2. Compared with N5, the wheat grain yield under N4 was only decreased by 0.3% while those under treatments of N3-N0 were decreased significantly. Statistical analyses showed that there were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between activities of NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME, and (G6PDH+6PGDH) at different growth stages. And there were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between activities of key enzymes in root NADP-dehydrogenase system with root vigor in middle and late wheat growing period. Grain yield had significant or extremely significant positive correlations with root vigor, activities of NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME, and (G6PDH+6PGDH). Path analysis further showed that activities of NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) at both jointing and heading stages had greater positive effects on grain yield in two years. Direct effects of root vigor at heading stage on yield were smaller, however, indirect positive effects of root vigor by means of increase in activities of NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) on grain yield were significant or extremely significant.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions in this study, reducing nitrogen application rate from N5 to N4 could be optimum at present in wheat field in the Huang-Huai Plain, considering dynamics of activities of key enzymes in root NADP-dehydrogenase system, root vigor and grain yield. NADP-ICDH, NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) were closely related to the "root vigor" determined by the improved TTC method. Particularly, NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) were the most important enzymes. It was concluded that wheat root vigor could be improved by high expression of NADP-ME and (G6PDH+6PGDH) in roots, which could be achieved by means of molecular breeding and effective cultivation operations.

Key words: wheat, isocitric dehydrogenase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase; total dehydrogenases of pentose phosphate pathway, root vigor (by improved TTC method), grain yield

ZHOU Yan, YANG XiWen, ZHOU SuMei, WANG YanJing, YANG Rui, XU FengDan, MEI JingJing, SHEN GuanYu, LI QiuJie, HE DeXian. Activities of Key Enzymes in Root NADP-Dehydrogenase System and Their Relationships with Root Vigor and Grain Yield Formation in Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(11): 2060-2071.

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