基于品种熟期和籽粒脱水特性的机收粒玉米 适宜播期与收获期分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Yield and production efficiency are two equally important things under the condition of large-scale production. The sowing time and the harvesting time can be prolonged by various combinations of sowing date and different maturity cultivars, thus improving the utilization efficiency of combine machine and the maize production efficiency.【Method】 In this study, three maize cultivars, including KWS9384, Xinyu77 and M751, with different growth stages were selected to monitor the dynamic process of grain moisture content from 2015 to 2017. The predictive relationship model between the grain moisture content and the accumulated temperature (> 0°C) after pollination was established to analyze the key growth nodes of different combinations based on the local meteorological data.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences of grain yield and suitable sowing date between cultivars. The early maturity cultivar KWS9384 had a longer time of sowing and harvesting but a lower yield compared with the late maturity cultivars. The late maturity cultivars Xinyu77 and M751 both had higher yields but they needed more time to finish physiological maturity and to dry down grain to meet grain mechanical harvest. The combination plans of late maturity cultivar/early sowing or early maturity cultivar/late sowing could be used to coordinate the relationship between yield and grain moisture content, thus extending the sowing time and the grain harvesting time.【Conclusion】 This paper studied on the suitable sowing time and harvesting time of different maturity cultivars and gave the combination principle of cultivar and sowing date under the background of high yield and high efficiency production. The principle could maximize the utilization efficiency and benefit of combine machine under the specific ecology and production condition. This study provided the new information regarding the relevant researches and application of the maize grain mechanical harvesting technology.

Key words: maize, mechanical grain harvest, grain moisture content, suitable harvest period, large-scale production

WanXu ZHANG, Bo MING, KeRu WANG, ChaoWei LIU, Peng HOU, JiangLu CHEN, GuoQiang ZHANG, JingJing YANG, ShuLing CHE, RuiZhi XIE, ShaoKun LI. Analysis of Sowing and Harvesting Allocation of Maize Based on Cultivar Maturity and Grain Dehydration Characteristics[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(10): 1890-1898.

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References 30

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年份 Year	月平均温度Mean temperature (°C)								平均温度 Average temperature (°C)	全年积温 Accumulated temperature (>0°C)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)
年份 Year	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	平均温度 Average temperature (°C)	全年积温 Accumulated temperature (>0°C)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)
2015	10.7	17.3	19.2	23.8	20.9	12.2	6.3	-2.4	13.5	3481.7	365
2016	12.1	14.2	21.8	22.4	20.9	18.7	3.4	-5.4	13.5	3618.1	366
2017	12.3	17.2	21	24.3	20.5	14.9	5.2	-2.2	14.2	3610	229.4
2004-2014	11.2ns	16.9ns	21.6ns	22.9ns	21.5ns	15.7ns	7.7ns	-2.5ns	14.4ns	3713.8ns	238.9ns

年份 Year	品种 cultivar	生育进程Growth process						产量及含水率Yield and moisture content
年份 Year	品种 cultivar	播种日期 Sowing date (M-D)	出苗日期 Date of emergence (M-D)	吐丝期 Silking period (M-D)	生理成熟期 Physiological maturity (M-D)	播种-吐丝期 Sowing - Pollination period (d)	播种-生理成熟期 Sowing - Physiological maturity (d)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	生理成熟期籽粒含水率 Moisture content of physiological maturity (%)	收获期籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content of harvest period (%)
2015	KWS9384	4-15	4-29	7-1	9-18	77	156	14187.0	29.2	18.6
	新玉77 Xinyu 77	4-15	4-28	7-9	9-25	85	163	19047.0	31.5	22.0
	M751	4-15	4-29	7-18	10-6	94	174	17703.0	29.2	28.6
2016	KWS9384	4-14	4-24	7-1	9-14	78	153	18999.0	29.7	16.5
	新玉77 Xinyu 77	4-14	4-24	7-10	9-21	87	160	18266.6	32.2	22.1
	M751	4-14	4-24	7-16	9-26	93	165	20933.3	30.6	24.9
2017	KWS9384	4-22	5-2	7-3	9-17	72	148	19062.6	29.5	17.1
	新玉77 Xinyu 77	4-22	5-2	7-11	9-29	80	160	21775.7	33.3	21.8
	M751	4-22	5-2	7-17	—	86	—	20706.2	—	17.6

源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Mean square	F值 F-value
品种Cultivar	45.69	2	22.85	24.36**
年份Year	6.32	2	3.16	3.37ns
品种×年份 Cultivars×Year	3.28	4	0.82	0.87ns
误差Error	20.63	22	0.94

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	播种-吐丝所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to silking (°C)	吐丝-生理成熟所需积温 Accumulated temperature from silking to physiological maturity (°C)	播种-生理成熟所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to physiological maturity (°C)
2015	KWS9384	1357.9	1623.3	2981.2
	新玉77 Xinyu 77	1523.1	1538.6	3061.7
	M751	1648.8	1500.4	3149.2
2016	KWS9384	1326.3	1607.8	2934.1
	新玉77 Xinyu 77	1515.4	1552.6	3068
	M751	1653.5	1494.3	3147.8
2017	KWS9384	1329.9	1632.5	2962.4
	新玉77 Xinyu 77	1533.3	1561.6	3094.9
	M751	1647.6	—	—
年份Year		ns	ns	ns
品种Cultivar		**	*	*

品种 Cultivar	播种-授粉所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to pollination (°C)	授粉-含水率降至25%所需积温 Accumulated temperature from pollination to 25% moisture content (°C)	授粉-含水率降至20%所需积温 Accumulated temperature from pollination to 20% moisture content (°C)	播种-生理成熟所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to physiological maturity (°C)	播种-含水率25% 所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing to 25% moisture content (°C)	播种-含水率20% 所需积温 Accumulated temperature from sowing-20% moisture content (°C)
KWS9384	1509.9	1705.5	1958.2	2867.5	3043.5	3296.2
新玉77 Xinyu 77	1498.4	1768.1	2028.8	3010.1	3292.0	3552.7
M751	1503.6	1708.4	1973.1	3154.4	3358.4	3623.1

Analysis of Sowing and Harvesting Allocation of Maize Based on Cultivar Maturity and Grain Dehydration Characteristics

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