氮肥与双氰胺配施对温室番茄生产及活性氮排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.09.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and inhibitor (dicyandiamide, DCD) application on tomato yields, quality and reactive nitrogen loss were studied under field condition, clearing the function and nitrification inhibitory effect of DCD in greenhouse vegetable production systems, to provide scientific basis for reducing nitrogen fertilization and increasing efficiency, and prevention and control of pollution. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted in the Yongqing County of Hebei Province and the test crop was tomato. The experiment consisted of 5 N fertilization treatments with three replicates: control treatment (N0), conventional N fertilization rate (Con), conventional N fertilization plus nitrification inhibitor (Con+DCD), optimal N fertilization rate (Opt), and optimal N fertilization plusnitrification inhibitor (Opt+DCD). By field-situ tracking method, soil inorganic nitrogen, N₂O emissions, ammonia volatilization loss and other indicators were measured during the top dressing of greenhouse tomato; N₂O samples were measured using a gas chromatograph, and soil inorganic nitrogen samples were analyzed by using a continuous flow analytical system; ammonia volatilization samples were measured by boric acid absorption- standard acid; SAS software were applied on the yield, quality and various indicators of different treatments for variance analysis.【Result】Nitrogen fertilizer combined with DCD could increase tomato yield, namely, the Con+DCD and Opt+DCD increased the yields by 20.2% and 2.4% compared with the Con and Opt, respectively. Tomato yield of Con+DCD was significantly higher than that of the Con treatment. Simultaneously, the NAE and PFP for the Con+DCD and Opt+DCD were significantly higher than the Con and Opt. Compared with the Con and Opt, the NAE for the Con+DCD and Opt+DCD was increased by 176.7% and 22.3%, respectively. In addition, the NO₃^--N content in tomato was significantly decreased after combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DCD, thus, compared with Con and Opt, Con+DCD and Opt+DCD decreased the NO₃^--N content by 28.6% and 19.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference among other quality indicators. The NO₃^--N accumulation at 0-100 cm soil depth under Con+DCD and Opt+DCD treatments were 607.1kg·hm^-2 and 441.8 kg·hm^-2, which were 14.3% and 15.7% lower than NO₃^--N accumulation under Con (708.4 kg·hm^-2) and Opt (524.2kg·hm^-2), respectively. N₂O emission flues and ammonia volatilization rate reached peak values on second and third day after fertilization. Overall, N₂O emissions and NH₃volatilization loss were reduced under the DCD treatment. Compared with the Con and Opt, N₂O accumulative emission and accumulative N loss by NH₃ volatilization for the Con+DCD and Opt+DCD decreased by 51.2%, 75.4% and 17.2%, 21.9%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, combination of nitrogen fertilizer and DCD increased tomato yields, NAE and PFP, and decreased the NO₃^--N accumulation at 0-100 cm depth, emission flue of N₂O and ammonia volatilization loss. Opt+DCD showed the best effect among the treatments. Therefore, reducing Nitrogen and combined application of DCD is a scientific and effective fertilizer management in greenhouse tomato production.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, dicyandiamide, reactive nitrogen, greenhouse tomato

YIN Xing, ZHANG LiJuan, LI BoWen, LIU WenJu, GUO YanJie, LI YuTao. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Dicyandiamide Application on Tomato Growth and Reactive Nitrogen Emissions in Greenhouse[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(9): 1725-1734.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Dicyandiamide Application on Tomato Growth and Reactive Nitrogen Emissions in Greenhouse

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