玉米籽粒脱水速率影响因素分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.008

Abstract

Abstract: Grain moisture content of maize is the key factor that affects the quality of mechanical harvesting, safe storable level, and economic benefits. It has become an important technical and economic problem. At present, the high moisture content of grain in the corn harvest period not only restricts the popularization of corn combine harvesting technology, but also affects the change of maize harvest and production mode, and seriously affects the grain quality of maize. A review of relevant literature both at home and abroad shows that the moisture content of grain in harvesting period is controlled mainly by the dry-down rate of grain before and after physiological maturity, and this trait is heritable, and it has a significant difference among maize hybrids. The difference of grain drying rate is closely correlated with many agronomic traits of maize, such as length and thickness of bract, thickness of cob, shape of kernel, and size of ear. The ecological factors such as air humidity (saturation degree of environmental water deficit), temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, rainfall and so on, have important influences on grain drying rate at the late growth stage of maize. Agronomic measurements such as planting density, row spacing, irrigation and fertilization, also have some influence on drying rate of grain. The optimum period of harvesting grain with combine machine can be predicted by the grain moisture content and the drying rate of grain after physiological maturity. In this paper, it is suggested that, at present, the selection of maize hybrids having characteristics of suitable early maturity, and rapid drying rate of ear at grain filling stage and low moisture content of grain at physiological maturity is the key measure to realize grain mechanical harvest in maize production areas in China. At the same time, due to the combined effects on drying rate of grain by genotype, ecological and meteorological factors and cultivation measures, meanwhile, the corn planting regions are wide, the planting patters are diverse, and the maize variety types used are various in China, further studies on the physiological mechanism of kernel dry-down are needed, and systematic observation characteristics of drying rate of grain should be carried out, that will provide a theoretical basis and technical supports for promotion of grain machinery harvesting technology and improvement of maize grain quality.

Key words: maize, machine harvesting grain, grain moisture content, varieties, climatic condition, kernel dry-down rate

WANG KeRu, LI ShaoKun. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Kernel Dry-Down-Rate of Maize Hybrids[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2027-2035.

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