玉米籽粒机械收获破碎率研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.007

Abstract

Abstract: Grain mechanical harvest is the developing direction of maize harvesting technology. It is the key technology to realize entire mechanization of maize production and change the mode of production. At present, the high kernel broken rate of maize harvesting not only lowers the grade of corn but also reduce corn sales price. Moreover, it leads to the decline of maize yield and increases the cost of grain artificial drying, and increases the difficulty of safe storage of maize. Therefore, high broken rate is the major problem that we are facing to popularize grain mechanical harvesting techniques. Kernel broken rates of different genotypes of maize differ significantly. As the resistance to kernel broken is a heritable trait, the anti-breaking maize varieties can be bred. Because of the significant influence that harvest machines and operational parameters have on kernel broken rates, it is also an effective measure to ensure low broken rate by choosing rotary (axial-flow) combines and adjusting its parameters according to the plants growth condition, maturity and moisture content of maize kernel. In addition, ecological environment also has significant influences on broken rates of grain. The factors of sunshine times, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and so on in the process of grain filling, natural drying, and harvesting period will affect the characters associated with grain broken such as grain hardness, test weight and kernel moisture content. Hence, according to ecological conditions in different regions, it is necessary to choose maize varieties which can match the local light and temperature conditions in the suitable growth period of maize, and to determine the suitable planting area for those maize varieties. Cultivation managing measures such as planting density, management of irrigation and fertilizers, harvesting time have obvious influences on kernel broken rates. Reasonable planting density, optimized nitrogen fertilizers management and moderate irrigation make for the reduction of broken kernels, and the most effective measure to reduce the kernel broken rate is harvesting at optimum harvest period.

Key words: maize, machine harvesting maize, grain, grain broken rate, effect factors, grain moisture content

WANG KeRu, LI ShaoKun. Progresses in Research on Grain Broken Rate by Combine Harvesting Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2018-2026.

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