马铃薯遗传育种研究：现状与展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.06.003

Abstract

Abstract: Potato, the third most important food crop, plays a key role in global and China’s food security. Improvement of varieties is a base for sustainable development of potato industry. Potatoes frequently suffer from diverse biotic and abiotic stress, so it is urgent to breed new varieties with better disease resistance, stress tolerance, tuber yield and quality as well as specific usage to meet the needs of potato processing and people nutrition. Potato breeding is a system combining germplasm evaluation and utilization, major traits genetics analysis, breeding technology application and variety extension and crop management together. Within a global conservation strategy there are about 65,000 accessions. Using a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone, 86% of the 844-megabase genome sequence are revealed and assembled, and 39,031 protein-coding genes are predicted. At present, re-sequencing of potato accessions is in process. Common cultivated potato is an asexual propagation tetraploid with tetrasomic inheritance and high heterozygosity. Nevertheless, inheritance of many major traits involving plant development and morphology, tuber quality, disease resistance and stress tolerance are revealed. A lot of genes determining potato major traits are mapped and cloned. Potato breeding technology involves conventional breeding, ploidy manipulation, marker-assisted selection, genetic engineering and promising genomic selection for complex traits. Since 1949, China potato breeding has achieved great progress that is reflected on growth of number of registered varieties. Dutch potato breeding ranks among the best in world and participatory potato breeding model is a successful practice for commercial breeding. In the future, it is a trend to breed superior and specific purpose varieties based on improvement of integrated breeding technology, innovation of breeding model and germplasm utilization.

Key words: potato, breeding, genetics, perspectives, advances

XU JianFei, JIN LiPing. Advances and Perspectives in Research of Potato Genetics and Breeding[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(6): 990-1015.

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