反枝苋对棉花的密度竞争作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.02.008

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Amaranthus retroflexus is one of the worst agricultural weeds in the world, and it is a major weed in cotton belt along Changjiang River in Anhui Province. Cotton is very sensitive to the competition of weeds. The objective of this study is to clarify the interference impact of A. retroflexus in cotton field, and to provide useful information for weed control programs. 【Method】Field additive series experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of 8 A. retroflexus densities on growth, yields and yield components, fiber properties of cotton with full-season interference of A. retroflexus during 2013-2015 in Anqing test plot of Anhui Province, with cotton density no changing. The weed densities employed were 0 (the check), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 plants/m of row. 【Result】With the increase of weed density, plant height and stem diameter of A. retroflexus gradually decreased, and the plant stem diameter reduced obviously by 12.0%-18.6% at the density of 1 plant/m of row (2013 and 2014) and 0.5 plant/m of row (2015) than that at the density of 0.125 plant/m of row, respectively. The plant height reduced significantly by 24.2% at the density of 0.5 plant/m of row than that at the density of 0.125 plant/m only in 2015. The per unit area biomass of A. retroflexus increased from 1 156.9 kg·hm^-2 at density of 0.125 plant/m of row to 7 524.0 kg·hm^-2 at the density of 8 plants/m of row over the average of three years. Intraspecific competition among A. retroflexus plants was observed at the higher weed densities. With the increasing interference between A. retroflexus and cotton, A. retroflexus remained taller and thicker than cotton after 52-83 DAE and 18-70 DAE, respectively. At the maturity stage of cotton, the plant stem height of A. retroflexus was 35.6-128.2 cm higher than that of cotton, and the plant stem diameter of A. retroflexus was 9.9-24.8 mm thicker than that of cotton. A. retroflexus had more obvious advantages than cotton in plant height and biomass. The interference of A. retroflexus density had no significant influence on cotton height, but cotton stem diameter reduced obviously at higher weed densities. With the increasing of weed density, per plant bolls, fruit-branch numbers, single boll weight of cotton reduced significantly; and lint percentage of cotton also decreased to some extent. Bolls, fruit-branch number per plant and single boll weight reduced by 20.81%-84.98%, 4.63%-69.18% and 3.04%-20.36% at the density of 1 plant/m of row, respectively; and lint percentage reduced by about 1.54% at this density. The interference of A. retroflexus affected significantly on seed cotton yield at the density of 0.125 plant/m of row (2013) and 0.25 plant/m of row (2014 and 2015), respectively, and the seed cotton yield reduced by 14.0%-33.7% at these densities. The relationship between cotton yield loss rate and the density of A. retroflexus was described by the hyperbolic regression model, which estimated that a density of 0.2-2.8 weed plant/m of row would result in 50% seed cotton yield loss from the maximum yield. Boll and fruit-branch numbers per plant of cotton were reduced obviously at the density of 0.125-0.5 plant/m of row of A. retroflexus after 91 DAE. In some year, the fiber length, Micronaire and fiber strength of cotton fiber significantly decreased with increase of weedy densities.【Conclusion】 The full-season interference of A. retroflexus had no significant influences on plant height, and obvious impacts on plant stem diameter of cotton and A. retroflexus in cotton belt along Changjiang River in Anhui Province. With the increase of interference time between A. retroflexus and cotton, A. retroflexus surpassed cotton in plant height and stem diameter. It was concluded that A. retroflexus had competitive advantages over cotton in plant height and biomass and A. retroflexus should be controlled at its seedling stage critically. Intraspecific competition among A. retroflexus plants was enhanced with increasing weedy density. The biomass of A. retroflexus is easily affected by environmental conditions. The per unit area biomass of A. retroflexus increased with increase of weed density, and the impact on cotton development and yields were enhanced obviously. The cotton yields were reduced by the interference of A. retroflexus through decreasing boll numbers per plant and single boll weight of cotton. It was inferred that a density of 0.011-0.090 plant/m of row of A. retroflexus would result in a 5% seed cotton yield loss from the maximum yield.

Key words: interference, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), cotton yield, fiber quality, weed biomass

LI ShuYing, ZHU JiaBao, LU XianYong, YE SiHong, MA Yan, MA XiaoYan, CHENG FuRu. The Influence of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Density on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2): 286-298.

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