超高产大豆砧木对不同年代育成品种光合生理指标和产量性状的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.23.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to determine the effects of super-high-yield soybean cultivars as rootstocks on some physiological traits of cultivars released in different decades, in order to reveal the important role of root improvement in soybean breeding. 【Method】 The 11 cultivars released in different decades by Liaoning, China and Ohio, USA, having the common ancestors Amsoy and Williams, were used to graft onto the rootstocks of super-high-yield cultivars Liaodou 14 and Zhonghuang 35 by cleft grafting method at cotyledon stage, respectively. The 11 cultivars released in different decades treated with self-grafting and non-grafting were used as the control. Under the conditions of pot experiment, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf greenness values were determined at R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 stages, the seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed weight per plant were determined at mature stage and after harvest to test the plants. 【Result】 The root vigor of soybean cultivars at different growth stages were characterized by Liaodou 14 ＞ Zhonghuang 35 ＞ 11 cultivars released in different decades, at R5 and R6 were at significant or extremely significant level. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf greenness values showed a single peak curve in the whole growth stages. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate reached peak value at R2 stage, and the leaf greenness values reached peak value at R4 stage, and then began to decline. Cultivars released in different decades had similar curves between non-grafted and self-grafted plants. However, the decline of the curve became slower after being grafted onto the rootstocks of super-high-yield cultivars Liaodou 14 and Zhonghuang 35 than that of self-grafted plants. At R5 to R6 stages, the daily decrease rates of non-grafted and self-grafted plants for photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf greenness were by 1.43%, 3.67%, 3.38% and 0.82%, respectively, but those of cultivars grafted onto Liaodou 14 and Zhonghuang 35 rootstocks were by 1.11%, 3.26%, 2.05% and 0.48%, respectively. The seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed weight per plant of cultivars released in different decades had no significant difference between self-grafted and non-grafted plants. At mature stage, the seeds per plant, 100-seed weight and yield per plant of cultivars released in different decades were increased significantly as grafted them onto super-high-yield cultivars Liaodou 14 or Zhonghuang 35 as rootstocks, by 2.82%, 9.36% and 10.60%, respectively, and the increase of current cultivars was greater than middle cultivars and common parents. 【Conclusion】 The roots of super-high-yield cultivars Liaodou 14 and Zhonghuang 35 have higher physiological activity at reproductive stage. Cultivars grafted onto the rootstock of super-high-yield cultivar could reduce significantly the rate of decline in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf greenness value, and improve the photosynthetic ability, and thus increasing grain yield. Therefore, more attention should be pay to the genetic improvement of root in the future breeding work.

Key words: soybean, grafting, physiological and yield trait, super-high-yield cultivars, genetic improvement

TENG Fei, LI Sheng-you, RAO De-min, YAO Xing-dong, ZHANG Hui-jun, AO Xue, WANG Hai-ying, Steven St.Martin, XIE Fu-ti. Effects of Super-High-Yield Soybean Cultivars as Rootstock on Some Physiological and Yield Traits of Cultivars Released in Different Decades[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(23): 4531-4543.

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References

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Effects of Super-High-Yield Soybean Cultivars as Rootstock on Some Physiological and Yield Traits of Cultivars Released in Different Decades

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