Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (20): 3968-3980.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Dissolved Methane Concentration and Diffusion Flux in Agricultural Watershed of Subtropics

ZHANG Yu1, 2, LI Yue2, Qin Xiao-bo1, Kong Fan-long2, Xi Min2, Li Yu’e1   

  1. 1Institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
    2Institude of Environmental Science and Engineering,  Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong
  • Received:2016-02-02 Online:2016-10-16 Published:2016-10-16

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the regulation of dissolved CH4 and flux diffused from river water and its influencing factors. 【Method】A one year period of (from April 2014 to April 2015) monitoring was conducted in Tuojia watershed of Xiangjiang river, which is located in the red soil hilly area of subtropical China. The double-layer-diffusion model was used to measure the diffusion of CH4 flux from river water and the influencing factors of water were monitored by a portable multi-parameter meter. Four reaches river of Tuojia watershed with 3 streams (up stream, middle stream and down stream) each were employed in this study. 【Result】The results indicated that the annual dissolved CH4 concentration and diffusion flux of CH4 from Tuojia river varied widely from 0.03 to 2.23(0.61±0.43) μmol·L-1 and from 1.71 to 290.08(63.36±50.76) μgC·m-2·h-1, respectively. Tuojia river expressed as the net source of atmospheric CH4. There was a significant spatial and temporal difference both in the CH4 concentration and flux between the 4 reaches. Generally speaking, the CH4 flux from down stream were greater than the up stream, and the same as the CH4 concentration (S4＞S3＞S2＞S1). And the temporal variation of CH4 concentration and flux between the 4 reaches was also significant. Spring period (from April 2014 to Jun 2014) showed the highest CH4 concentration (0.74±0.41μmol·L-1) and the highest flux (93.58±65.24μgC·m-2·h-1), and winter period (from Dec 2014 to April 2015) showed the smallest CH4 concentration(0.53±0.38 μmol·L-1) and the smallest flux (50.79±33.03 μgC·m-2·h-1). By correlation analysis, it was found that, on the one hand, the water dissolved oxygen(DO: 3.49-12.79 (7.90±1.78) mg·L-1) appeared a significant negative correlation with CH4 concentration(r=-0.39, P＜0.001) and CH4 flux(r=-0.36, P＜0.001), while the dissolved organic carbon (DOC: 0.92-7.38 (2.99±1.25) mg·L-1) showed a positive correlation with CH4 concentration(r=0.50, P＜0.001) and CH4 flux(r=0.44, P＜0.001), all of them were the dominant factors that influence the CH4 concentration and CH4 flux of Tuojia River, on the other hand, dissolved inorganic N (NH4+-N: 0.02-4.37 (1.26±1.03) mg·L-1, NO3--N: 0.24-2.66 (1.43±0.55) mg·L-1) concentration, salinity(represented by electrical conductivity EC: 50.36-248.43 (138.37±47.54) μS·cm-1) appeared a positive correlation with CH4 concentration and CH4 flux. Additionally, water pH value (5.89-8.54(6.82±0.31)) showed a positive relationship with stream CH4 concentration (r=0.20, P＜0.05), but not a significant correlation with CH4 flux. The dissolved CH4 in river water was produced from river sediment by methanogenesis, and then diffused from water to atmosphere.【Conclusion】The results of this study indicate that waste and sewage produced by agricultural non-point source pollution, livestock breeding and human activities are the main reasons that leading to the increase of river pollution loading and the decrease of water DO, which give raises to more stream CH4 transportation, made river as an important potential CH4 source.

Key words: subtropical watershed, water system, methane, concentration, diffusion flux, impact factors

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