大蒜秸秆对番茄根结线虫病及根际微生态的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.013

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of garlic straw application on controlling tomato root-knot nematode disease and rhizospheric microecology have been studied with the purpose of showing comprehensive effects among plants, root-knot nematode disease and rhizospheric microecology. This study will provide the theoretical and technical basis for the exploitation of garlic straw. 【Method】 This study was performed with five treatments including 0 (CK), 1% (T1), 2% (T2), 4% (T3) and 8% (T4) garlic straw application (w/w) in pots (both the diameter and depth are 20 cm) with 5 kg garden soil. Then, we planted one tomato seedling in each pot and cultivated them in a greenhouse (28-32℃/15-23℃). Seven days later, five holes were dug around the tomato seedlings and inoculated about 5000 root-knot nematode J2 per seedling. There are 30 pots in each treatment. Tomato root and rhizospheric soil by dithering at the 10, 30, and 50th days after treatment were collected and then we determined the biomass of each tomato plant; disease index including numbers of root-knot nematode, numbers and ratios of female, numbers of egg masses, eggs index, reproduction index, galling index and relative control efficiency; activities of soil enzymes including urease, phosphatise, sucrose, cellulose, catalase and polyhenoloxidase; microbial population of bacteria, fungi and antinomyces, numbers of different nematode trophic groups including phytophagous nematodes, bacterial-feeding nematode, fungal-feeding nematodes and omnivorous-predator nematodes. 【Result】 With the increasing consumption of garlic straw, the biomass of tomato plant firstly increased and then decreased, among which, T1 treatment was little higher than CK and T2 treatment was lower than CK. However, the relative control efficiency was increased with the increasing consumption of garlic straw, reaching 13.6%, 50.0%, 72.7% and 81.8% separately. The ratio of females was decreased by applying garlic straw, which decreased the numbers of egg masses, egg index and reproduction index. The activities of urease and phosphatise were decreased in garlic straw treatments. However, the activities of cellulose, invertase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase in rhizospheric soil were increased. In addition, application of garlic straw significantly increased the numbers of bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes. The numbers of bacterium firstly increased and then decreased, and the maximum value could be observed in T2 treatments. However, numbers of fungi and actinomycetes were increased with the increasing consumption of garlic straw. Application of garlic straw significantly decreased the numbers of phytophagous nematode, but increased the numbers of bacterial-feeding and omnivorous-predator nematode. The increase of the fungal-feeding nematode was not significant. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive consideration of the growth of tomato plants, the protection of root-knot nematode disease and rhizospheric microecology, this study indicated that T2 garlic straw application was better than other treatments.

Key words: tomato, root-knot nematode, garlic straw, rhizospheric microecology

GONG Biao, ZHANG Li-li, SUI Shen-li, WANG Xiu-feng, WEI Min, SHI Qing-hua, YANG Feng-juan, LI Yan. Effects of Garlic Straw Application on Controlling Tomato Root-Knot Nematode Disease and Rhizospheric Microecology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 933-941.

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Effects of Garlic Straw Application on Controlling Tomato Root-Knot Nematode Disease and Rhizospheric Microecology

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