长期施肥对洞庭湖双季稻区水稻土有机碳、氮积累及其活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.03.09

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Soil organic matter and its activity are essential indexes for assessing soil fertility, so the responses of total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) accumulation and its activity to various long-term fertilization in a double cropping rice soil were studied in Dongting Lake region, China, which can provide a scientific basis for improving fertilization management and soil fertility in paddy soils. 【Method】Based on a national experimental platform which was arranged in the Hanshou county, Hunan province, test samples in the surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) of a paddy soil after 26 years of fertilization treatments were collected and SOC, TN content and storage were measured, as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) contents were also analyzed. The experiment included six treatments: (1) CK, unfertilized control; (2) CF, farmers’ practice of applying chemical fertilizer NPK; (3) NK, application of chemical fertilizer NK; (4) NPK, balanced application of chemical fertilizer NPK; (5) LOM, combined application of chemical fertilizer NPK and 30% organic fertilizer; (6) HOM, combined application of chemical fertilizer NPK and 60% organic fertilizer. 【Result】The content of TOC at 0-20 cm soil layer changed slightly when no fertilizer applied for 26 years and its value only increased by 0.64 g·kg^-1 throughout the period, suggesting that long-term cropping rice was beneficial to TOC sequestration. After long-term application of chemical or organic fertilizer, the content of TOC and TN in two soil layers increased significantly (P＜0.05), however, their storage significantly (P＜0.05) enhanced only by balancing NPK chemical fertilizer application or applying organic fertilizer. For all the treatments, the content of MBC, MBN, DOC and DON declined with the soil layer deepened, and its variation amplitudes at 0-40 cm layer were 64.54-708.76, 22.92-92.25, 39.06-63.24, and 10.76-31.87 mg?kg^-1, respectively. Compared to the CK treatment, the contents of soil MBC, MBN, DOC, and DON at 0-20 cm layer in fertilized treatments increased by 34.1%-81.8%, 56.1%-134.4%, 23.5%-42.0%, and 20.3%-83.2%, respectively, while at 20-40 cm layer they increased by -3.8%-38.1%, 32.5%-78.2%, 8.2%-37.5%, and 9.3%-56.8%, respectively. It also showed that the contents of each labile organic C and N fraction at the same soil layer in all the chemical fertilizer application treatments were much smaller than that in LOM and HOM treatments. However, the contents of all labile organic C and N fractions at 0-20 cm layer were insignificant (P＞0.05) among the CF, NK and NPK treatments. With the deepening of soil, the proportion of labile organic N fractions to TN and microbial quotient decreased, but the proportion of DOC to TOC increased. No matter which soil layer was concerned, the MBC/TOC, DOC/TOC, MBN/TN and DON/TN ratios in soil increased when fertilization was adopted, and the effect was significant (P＜0.05) when combined application of chemical fertilizer NPK and organic fertilizer and HOM treatment presented the best result. The soil MBC, MBN, DOC and DON contents in different treatments were significantly correlated to each other and presented a significant (P＜0.05) correlation with soil TOC, TN, bulk density and pH, but weakly (P＞0.05) correlated with C/N ratio and clay content. On the whole, the correlation coefficients obtained by MBC and MBN were higher than that of DOC and DON. Long-term fertilization significantly (P＜0.05) increased the early and late rice yields, the contents of all organic C and N labile fractions in two soil layers were positively correlated with annual rice yields, and with the deepening of soil, the correlation coefficients generally decreased (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 In the double cropping rice region of Dongting Lake, as to the same type of soil organic matter component, the content of labile N fraction in fertilized treatments presented a more obvious increasing effect than that of C fraction. Combined application of chemical fertilizer NPK and organic fertilizer, the activity of TOC and TN in two soil layers was significantly increased compared to the unfertilized control, which was the most effective practice for improving the accumulation of soil TOC and TN at 0-40 cm layers as well as the soil productivity. Soil MBC and MBN were more sensitive to predicting the change of soil quality after long-term different fertilizations.

Key words: long term fertilization, double cropping paddy field, organic carbon, total nitrogen, labile organic carbon, labile organic nitrogen

LI Wen-jun, PENG Bao-fa, YANG Qi-yong. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Activity in a Paddy Soil in Double Cropping Rice Area in Dongting Lake of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(3): 488-500.

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