碳氮管理措施对冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系作物产量、 秸秆腐解、土壤CO2排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.04.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The responses of different carbon and nitrogen managements to the winter wheat/summer maize rotation system were systematically studied in North China Plain. It was expected that the research results would provide a theoretic basis and data support for high yield, soil fertility and environment-friendly “triple-win” goal.【Method】The methods of Nmin test, buried nylon mesh bag and static alkali absorption were adopted for study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer managements on nitrate accumulation in 0-1 m soil profile, straw decomposition and soil CO2 flux in different periods of winter wheat/summer maize season, respectively.【Result】The results showed that not only the ratios of optimized treatments and balanced treatments to conventional treatments were 100.8%-115.9% for winter wheat yield, and 96.0%-116.4% for summer maize yield, but also could save 48.2%-70.4% nitrogen fertilizer input. The 0-1 m nitrate accumulation from the conventional treatments was the highest, which could reach to 456.7 and 419.8 kgN•hm-2. But the highest 0-1 m nitrate accumulation from the optimized treatments and balanced treatments were only 283.3 and 180.6 kgN•hm-2, respectively. Hence, the soil nitrate leaching risk in the conventional treatments was higher than the optimized treatments and balanced treatments. The decomposition of maize straw in the cold and arid winter wheat season was slow, which the decomposition rate was 61.7%-70.1%. The decomposition of wheat straw in the hot and moist summer maize season was fast, which the decomposition rate was 56.7%-79.3%. Soil CO2 flux had obvious seasonal variation, which the average daily CO2 flux in the winter wheat season was 4.8-10.8 gC•m-2, but 12.7-20.7 gC•m-2 in the summer maize season. The accumulated soil CO2 flux from the balanced treatments with organic fertilizer were the highest, which were 3 844.2 and 4 642.3 gC•m-2, respectively. Furthermore, it was significantly higher than the other treatments.【Conclusion】The optimized and balanced C & N managements not only reduced N fertilizer inputs, stabilized crop production but also decrease a the 0-1 m soil nitrate accumulation and cultivating soil fertility.

Key words: winter wheat-summer maize , C &, N management , nitrate , straw decomposition , soil CO2 flux , North China Plain

HUANG Tao, CHOU Shao-Jun, DU Juan, SHI Zhen-Xia, JU Xiao-Tang. Effects of Different Carbon and Nitrogen Managements on Yield, Straw Decomposition, Soil CO2 Flux of the Winter Wheat / Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(4): 756-768.

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