种植密度与施肥水平对甜荞光合特性、产量及抗倒伏的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Rational close planting and fertilization can effectively coordinate the competition among individuals, improve the light environment of the population and build a high-yield population, which is an important way to increase crop yield. The effects of different planting densities and fertilization levels on lodging resistance and yield of common buckwheat were discussed to provide technical reference for high yield and high yield cultivation of buckwheat. 【Method】 In this study, Xinong D4103, a new isostyle common buckwheat variety, was used as the experimental material, and Xinong 9976, the main cultivated variety in the Loess Plateau, was used as the control, and the two-factor split plot design was adopted. The main factors were two planting densities, namely D1: 9.0×10⁵ plants/hm² and D2: 1.35×10⁶ plants/hm². The secondary factors were low, medium and high fertilization levels, which were N: 120, P₂O₅: 76.8, K₂O: 56.4 kg·hm^-2 (F1), N: 180, P₂O₅: 115.2, K₂O: 84.6 kg·hm^-2 (F2), N: 240, P₂O₅: 153.6, K₂O: 112.8 kg·hm^-2 (F3) respectively, which were carried out in Yulin Experimental Station of Northwest A&F University in 2021-2022. The effects of canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, yield components and lodging characteristics of common buckwheat population under different planting densities and fertilization levels were studied.【Result】 The two-year field experiment showed that with the increase of planting density, the leaf area index (LAI) of common buckwheat population increased significantly, the photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) decreased significantly, and the photosynthetic capacity of leaves was weakened. Fertilization significantly increased LAI, SPAD and photosynthetic capacity of common buckwheat population, and decreased PAR. Compared with lower fertilizer level, the LAI, SPAD, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of medium fertilizer level increased by 14.6%, 6.7%, 15.3%, 15.2% and 16.6% on average, while PAR and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) decreased by 4.5% and 6.7% on average. Compared with D1, the plant height, height of gravity center, length of the second internode, lodging rate and lodging index of D2 increased by 9.6%, 12.5%, 24.7%, 19.8% and 26.2% on average, while the diameter, fullness, flexural strength of the second internode and fresh weight of whole plant decreased by 13.1%, 7.4%, 18.3% and 8.5%. Increased fertilizer application at the same density, the plant height, center of gravity height, length of the second internode, fresh weight of the whole plant, lodging rate and lodging index increased gradually, while the diameter, fullness, flexural strength of the second internode increased first and then decreased. The yield of common buckwheat was significantly increased by increasing the planting density and fertilization level. The yield of Xinong D4103 reached the maximum in D2F2 treatment, which was 15.1% higher than that of D1F1 and 17.0% higher than that of the control variety under the same fertilization amount. 【Conclusion】 Constructing a reasonable population structure is helpful to increase the light receiving area, improve photosynthetic characteristics, reduce the lodging rate in the field and increase yield. Therefore, Xinong D4103, an isostyle common buckwheat variety in the Loess Plateau, recommended the planting density of 1.35×10⁶ plants/hm², and the fertilizer application rate of medium fertilization level (N: 180, P₂O₅: 115.2, K₂O: 84.6 kg·hm^-2)

Key words: common buckwheat, planting density, fertilization level, photosynthetic characteristics, lodging resistance, yield

LEI XinHui, WU YiXin, WANG JiaLe, TAO JinCai, WAN ChenXi, WANG Meng, GAO XiaoLi, FENG BaiLi, GAO JinFeng. Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization Level on Photosynthesis, Yield and Lodging Resistance of Common Buckwheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(2): 264-277.

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References 43

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单株粒数 Grain number per plant	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2021	西农D4103 Xinong D4103	D1F1	136.0±8.66c	4.13±0.14c	3.33±0.02b	960.0±10.00de
		D1F2	157.0±7.21a	5.87±0.05a	3.60±0.02a	1023.3±11.55c
		D1F3	145.3±2.52b	4.56±0.12b	3.34±0.04b	1003.3±11.55c
		D2F1	113.0±1.73e	3.51±0.12d	2.74±0.03e	1076.7±23.09b
		D2F2	132.0±2.65cd	3.99±0.09c	2.94±0.03c	1143.3±15.28a
		D2F3	110.7±3.79e	3.34±0.12de	2.84±0.04d	1082.2±5.77b
	西农9976 Xinong 9976	D1F1	107.3±3.21e	2.97±0.17f	2.71±0.03e	896.7±35.12f
		D1F2	129.3±2.89cd	3.96±0.09c	2.86±0.05d	963.0±20.00d
		D1F3	124.0±5.29d	3.25±0.07e	2.82±0.02d	930.0±15.00e
F	密度Density (D)		130.03**	579.28**	202.88**	255.96**
	肥料Fertilization (F)		26.05**	184.15**	8.11**	33.26**
	密度×肥料D×F		2.22^NS	49.61**	4.72*	4.03*
2022	西农D4103 Xinong D4103	D1F1	128.00±6.00b	4.08±0.23b	2.96±0.04b	955.0±13.23d
		D1F2	162.33±7.37a	5.12±0.17a	3.41±0.08a	1021.7±15.28c
		D1F3	155.00±4.00a	4.15±0.26b	3.32±0.09a	1005.0±10.00c
		D2F1	112.33±3.21c	3.13±0.41d	2.60±0.09e	1055.0±18.03b
		D2F2	127.33±6.81b	3.90±0.31b	2.8±0.04bcd	1098.3±11.55a
		D2F3	124.33±4.04b	3.81±0.06bc	2.67±0.11cde	1063.3±5.77b
	西农9976 Xinong 9976	D1F1	120.33±8.08bc	3.23±0.43d	2.63±0.11de	826.7±25.17g
		D1F2	126.00±6.93b	3.88±0.28b	2.87±0.17b	920.0±22.91e
		D1F3	118.67±5.13bc	3.33±0.13cd	2.83±0.17bc	860.0±26.46f
F	密度Density (D)		110.67**	46.15**	217.65**	165.68**
	肥料Fertilization (F)		33.97**	18.06**	26.29**	27.26**
	密度×肥料D×F		5.17*	4.42*	6.03*	3.93*

Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization Level on Photosynthesis, Yield and Lodging Resistance of Common Buckwheat

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