湿度调控设施黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌产孢和释放规律及防治技术

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Cucumber target leaf spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, has brought great economic losses to the cucumber industry. Sporulation and release of C. cassiicola spores play a significant role in the epidemiology of the disease. In this study, the regularity and the effect of humidity on sporulation and release of C. cassiicola, and the optimal application method and time for control of cucumber target leaf spot were evaluated.【Method】 The sporulation regularity of C. cassiicola was evaluated by quantifying the spore concentration on lesions of diseased cucumber leaves at 0: 00, 3: 00, 6: 00, 9: 00, 12: 00, 15: 00, 18: 00, and 21: 00, respectively. The release regularity of C. cassiicola was evaluated in different seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, air samples were collected from naturally infested cucumber greenhouse at 0: 00, 3: 00, 6: 00, 9: 00, 12: 00, 15: 00, 18: 00, and 21: 00, respectively, and the concentrations of C. cassiicola in the air were evaluated. The effect of relative humidity on sporulation and release of C. cassiicola was also assessed in artificial climate exposure chambers and plastic greenhouses at four different humidity conditions of continuous high humidity (RH>90%, 24 h), continuous low humidity (RH<60%, 24 h), high humidity for 12 h followed by low humidity for 12 h, and low humidity for 12 h followed by high humidity for 12 h. The control efficiency of 60% carbendazim·diethofencarb wettable powder (WP) and 500 million spores/g Pseudomonas fluorescens WP on cucumber target leaf spot disease was compared, by using powder spraying and water spraying at different application times in the field.【Result】 The study on the daily variation regularity of sporulation and release of C. cassiicola showed significant differences in the quantity of spores on diseased leaves and in the greenhouse air at different times of the day. There was a complementary relationship between the number of spores on diseased leaves and in the greenhouse air at the same time. After 18: 00, as the duration of high humidity (RH>90%) prolonged, the number of spores on diseased leaves increased, reaching a peak of 1 344 spores/cm² at 6: 00 the next day. Then, the humidity decreased gradually to RH<60% after opening the air vent of the greenhouse, and spores were released into the greenhouse space. At 12: 00, the spore concentrations in the greenhouse air reached a peak of 12 445-110 697 spores/m³. In different seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, the daily variation regularity of sporulation and release is consistent, showing that C. cassiicola produced a large amount of spores under high humidity (RH>90%) at night, and released to greenhouses under low humidity (RH<60%) during the day. In artificial climate exposure chambers and plastic greenhouses, the highest quantity of C. cassiicola spores was detected under alternating wet and dry conditions, which was significantly higher than that under continuous high humidity or continuous low humidity condition. By powder spraying at 19: 00, 60% carbendazim·diethofencarb WP and 500 million spores/g P. fluorescens WP gave the best control efficiency of 80.60% and 75.08%, respectively, and the spore inhibition efficiency was higher than 84%.【Conclusion】 Humidity is a key environmental factor affecting the spore reproduction and release of C. cassiicola. The alternating day-dry and night-wet environment in the greenhouse promotes the reproduction and diffusion of C. cassiicola, and accelerates the spread of cucumber target leaf spot. Powder spraying method is better than water spraying method for disease control, and the best application time is the evening before spore reproduction. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new strategies for the effective alleviation and control of cucumber target leaf spot.

Key words: cucumber target leaf spot, Corynespora cassiicola, humidity, sporulation, release, powder spraying, application time

CHAI ALi, YANG HongMin, WANG ShaoHua, ZHAO Kun, GAO Wei, SHI YanXia, XIE XueWen, LI Lei, FAN TengFei, LI BaoJu. Effect of Humidity on Sporulation and Release of Corynespora cassiicola and Control Technology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2907-2918.

Figures/Tables 6

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时间 Time	孢子浓度Spore concentration (spores/m³)								病情指数 Disease index
时间 Time	0：00	3：00	6：00	9：00	12：00	15：00	18：00	21：00	病情指数 Disease index
春（2021年5月） Spring (2021-05)	823±44	971±171	3309±531	12943±763	23368±159	11016±2	3335±213	1723±579	43.20
夏（2021年8月） Summer (2021-08)	779±46	1001±201	55629±853	72313±823	110697±685	82148±172	69252±150	33653±135	59.82
秋（2021年11月） Autumn (2021-11)	823±48	1201±180	16880 ±994	46883±910	64882±990	31170±991	4755±908	2378±780	53.85
冬（2022年2月） Winter (2022-02)	780±50	960±45	1683±835	5600±667	12445±774	1804±541	861±29	31±5	39.46

药剂 Fungicide	施药方式 Application method	施药时间 Application time	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficiency (%)	孢子浓度 Spore concentration (spores/m³)	孢子灭杀效果 Spore killing efficiency (%)
60%多菌灵·乙霉威可湿性粉剂 Carbendazim + Diethofencarb 60% WP	弥粉法施药 Powder spraying	8：00	25.08	63.45±5.28c	4727±529	71.81c
		16：00	17.40	74.64±8.78b	4111±110	75.48b
		19：00	13.31	80.60±4.22a	2662±268	84.12a
	喷雾法施药 Water spraying	8：00	40.08	41.58±4.61d	7023±435	58.12d
		16：00	39.62	42.26±3.58d	7485±336	55.36de
		19：00	38.80	43.45±4.24d	7961±1068	52.52e
5亿孢子/g荧光假单胞杆菌可湿性粉剂 Pseudomonas fluorescens 500 million spores/g WP	弥粉法施药 Powder spraying	8：00	28.04	59.13±1.99c	4648±60	72.28c
		16：00	23.23	66.14±2.50b	3575±160	78.68b
		19：00	17.10	75.08±2.74a	2382±670	85.80a
	喷雾法施药 Water spraying	8：00	42.06	38.69±9.54d	5900±448	64.81d
		16：00	40.71	40.67±8.50d	5602±477	66.59d
		19：00	40.10	41.55±5.05d	4941±272	70.53cd
不施药对照Control	—	—	68.61	—	16768±2640	—

Effect of Humidity on Sporulation and Release of Corynespora cassiicola and Control Technology

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