不同形态秸秆还田下乌栅土耕层土壤有机质含量与组成变化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.13.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was to explore the changes in topsoil organic matter content and composition of a rice paddy with crop residue return in different forms, in order to provide the useful information for crop residue utilization and paddy soil carbon sequestration.【Method】 In June, 2015, compared with no straw amendment (CK), untreated (CS), manured (CM) and pyrolyzed (CB) maize residue were returned at 10 t C·hm^-2 to a paddy topsoil in Tai Lake Plain, China. Topsoil (0-15 cm) samples were collected at rice harvest in November respectively of 2015, 2017 and 2019, and the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and molecular composition were analyzed using ¹³C isotope and biomarker assays. 【Result】Compared with CK, topsoil OC was significantly increased by 8%-36% in 2015 and 2017 with all the residue amendment treatments, but increased by 24% only under CB in 2019, with the SOC increases mainly from the input biochar. The abundance of lignin phenols in the topsoil under CS and CM peaked after 2-year amendment, and increased by 115% and 66% relative to CK, respectively. After 4 years, molecular abundance of plant-derived lipids increased significantly under all the amendments and the abundance ratio of plant- to microbe-derived lipids (PL/ML) and Shannon diversity of biomarkers (H’) were significantly enhanced. 【Conclusion】Compared with untreated and manured residue, pyrolyzed residue returning enhanced SOC sequestration and the molecular diversity of organic matter, through the retention of plant-derived components in the paddy soil.

Key words: paddy soil, crop residue return, soil organic matter, biomarkers, molecular composition, Tai Lake Plain

CHEN ShuoTong, XIA Xin, DING YuanJun, FENG Xiao, LIU XiaoYu, Marios Drosos, LI LianQing, PAN GenXing. Changes in Topsoil Organic Matter Content and Composition of a Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosol Amended with Maize Residue in Different Forms from the Tai Lake Plain, China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(13): 2518-2529.

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材料 Material	pH (H₂O)	有机碳 OC (g·kg^-1)	同位素丰度 δ¹³C (‰, VPDB)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g·kg^-1)
玉米秸秆 Maize straw	6.2	489.9	-12.03	4.4	3.1	6.0
玉米秸秆粪肥 Maize straw manure	8.9	287.0	-16.42	15.2	70.4	29.9
玉米秸秆生物质炭 Maize straw biochar	9.8	510.1	-14.97	15.2	23.0	12.5

材料 Material			酚类丰度 Phenols abundance		对羟基/(香草基+丁香基) P/(V+S)		肉桂基/香草基 C/V	丁香基/香草基 S/V		(酸/醛)_香草基 (Ad/Al)_V		(酸/醛)_丁香基 (Ad/Al)_S
玉米秸秆 Maize straw			480.34		0.26		19.18	0.46		0.14		0.44
玉米秸秆粪肥 Maize straw manure			43.93		0.22		9.06	0.78		0.33		1.31

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	pH (H₂O)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	可溶性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	微生物生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)	微生物生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg^-1)
2015	CK	0.89±0.01 Aa	7.26±0.08 Ac	1.96±0.03 Cc	23.55±4.63 Cb	79.70±7.67 Ac	64.03±9.49 Ad	743.72±33.65 Ab	67.35±8.77 Ab
	CS	0.77±0.03 Bc	7.33±0.05 Ac	2.23±0.06 Cb	26.90±3.16 Bb	109.84±11.32 Ab	78.29±3.87 Ac	875.98±74.54 Aa	72.43±8.10 Ab
	CM	0.80±0.01 Bb	7.45±0.05 Bb	2.26±0.10 Cb	37.91±7.90 Ba	120.14±6.87 Ab	92.69±6.03 Ab	936.38±103.25 Aa	100.49±17.57 Aa
	CB	0.78±0.02 Bbc	7.59±0.07 Aa	2.47±0.10 Ca	36.02±5.59 Ba	169.63±21.27 Aa	125.28±11.04 Aa	734.42±55.45 Ab	63.48±11.77 Ab
2017	CK	0.90±0.04 Aa	7.29±0.13 Aa	2.57±0.13 Bb	29.10±1.71 Bb	92.28±12.39 Ab	44.03±5.12 Ba	770.63±30.08 Abc	57.83±7.83 Aa
	CS	0.87±0.02 Aa	7.36±0.13 Aa	2.54±0.24 Bb	28.60±2.05 Bb	93.54±9.45 Bb	32.36±5.69 Cb	791.91±54.85 Aab	57.69±13.59 ABa
	CM	0.92±0.03 Aa	7.42±0.07 Ba	2.80±0.14 Bab	37.30±2.99 Ba	96.25±3.92 Bb	36.49±1.31 Bb	821.37±21.72 Ba	51.85±6.24 Ba
	CB	0.88±0.02 Aa	7.44±0.10 Ba	2.98±0.14 Ba	38.23±1.72 Ba	132.58±21.06 Ba	47.16±3.92 Ca	727.80±32.91 Ac	55.48±9.34 Aa
2019	CK	0.86±0.03 Aab	7.17±0.12 Ac	2.90±0.05 Ac	37.42±0.50 Ac	78.50±1.73 Ab	35.52±1.64 Cb	697.76±22.66 Ba	58.43±5.07 Aa
	CS	0.89±0.03 Aa	7.36±0.14 Ab	2.86±0.03 Ac	36.86±0.47 Ac	78.00±0.82 Cb	39.90±4.12 Bb	615.45±50.88 Bb	50.46±13.28 Bab
	CM	0.88±0.06 Aa	7.58±0.06 Aa	3.00±0.04 Ab	49.01±2.25 Aa	79.25±1.71 Cb	35.97±1.93 Bb	676.92±27.07 Cab	43.69±5.64 Bb
	CB	0.81±0.03 Bb	7.46±0.07 Bab	3.16±0.04 Aa	46.63±1.66 Ab	87.75±2.22 Ca	91.28±4.20 Ba	613.48±50.64 Bb	40.71±3.86 Bb

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	同位素丰度 δ¹³C (‰,VPDB)	源于玉米秸秆碳比例 Maize -derived OC (%)
2015	CK	28.47 ± 1.10 Ac	-27.16 ± 0.26 Bc	—
	CS	30.81 ± 1.73 Ab	-25.67 ± 0.33 Ab	9.9 ± 0.9 Ab
	CM	31.84 ± 1.49 Ab	-25.94 ± 0.53 Ab	11.3 ± 6.7 Ab
	CB	37.94 ± 1.41 ABa	-22.80 ± 0.31 Aa	35.8 ± 1.9 Aa
2017	CK	28.81 ± 1.80 Ac	-27.07 ± 0.56 Ac	—
	CS	32.21 ± 1.47 Ab	-25.94 ± 0.67 Ab	7.4 ± 7.0 ABb
	CM	32.38 ± 0.88 Ab	-25.78 ± 0.48 Ab	9.7 ± 5.9 Ab
	CB	39.23 ± 1.22 Aa	-24.44 ± 0.30 Ba	21.6 ± 4.7 Ba
2019	CK	29.39 ± 1.12 Ab	-27.71 ± 0.12 ABc	—
	CS	27.65 ± 1.21 Bb	-27.16 ± 0.40 Bb	3.5 ± 2.3 Bb
	CM	29.44 ± 1.38 Bb	-26.98 ± 0.43 Bb	6.4 ± 4.0 Ab
	CB	36.37 ± 0.62 Ba	-24.50 ± 0.38 Ba	25.2 ± 2.8 Ba

处理 Treatment	木质素酚 Lignin phenols	对羟基酚 P phenols	肉桂基/香草基 C/V	丁香基/香草基 S/V	对羟基/(香草基+丁香基) P/(V+S)	(酸/醛)_丁香基 (Ad/Al)_S	(酸/醛)_香草基 (Ad/Al)_V
2015
CK	13.93±1.05 Aa	1.78±0.11 Aa	1.09±0.14 Aa	1.62±0.16 Aa	0.18±0.01 Ba	1.75±0.20 Aa	1.28±0.07 Aa
CS	13.63±0.72 Ba	1.70±0.11 Ba	1.19±0.13 Ba	1.48±0.19Bab	0.19±0.01 Ba	1.87±0.26 Ba	1.51±0.19 Ba
CM	11.17±1.22 Bb	1.41±0.13 Bb	1.05±0.08 Aa	1.39±0.08Bbc	0.18±0.01 Ba	1.77±0.09 Ba	1.50±0.21 Aa
CB	7.10±0.63 Ac	0.91±0.07 Bc	0.78±0.02Bb	1.25±0.05 Ac	0.17±0.01 Ba	1.77±0.30 Aa	1.39±0.24 Aa
2017
CK	9.31±1.14 Bc	1.35±0.10 Bc	0.83±0.11 Bc	1.30±0.12 Bb	0.20±0.02 ABb	1.44±0.19 Bc	1.28±0.19 Ac
CS	19.97±2.10 Aa	2.82±0.24 Aa	1.83±0.19 Aa	1.85±0.13 Aa	0.23±0.00 Aa	2.23±0.07 Aa	2.44±0.26 Aa
CM	15.50±1.75 Ab	1.91±0.28 Ab	1.29±0.23Ab	1.68±0.19 Aa	0.18±0.02 Bb	2.02±0.15Aab	1.70±0.36 Ab
CB	6.84±0.24 Ad	1.12±0.05 Ac	0.82±0.05 Bc	1.15±0.06 Ab	0.23±0.02 Aa	1.85±0.15 Ab	1.47±0.18Abc
2019
CK	12.70±0.78 Aa	1.89±0.16 Aa	1.00±0.03ABb	1.34±0.01 Ba	0.21±0.01 Ab	1.69±0.15Aa	1.42±0.07 Aa
CS	12.94±1.67 Ba	1.81±0.22 Ba	1.31±0.30 Ba	1.28±0.15 Ba	0.22±0.02 Aab	1.63±0.14 Ba	1.50±0.12 Ba
CM	11.68±1.19 Ba	1.71±0.19ABab	1.06±0.09Aab	1.36±0.05 Ba	0.21±0.00 Ab	1.65±0.13 Ba	1.35±0.14 Aa
CB	8.78±1.41 Ab	1.42±0.31 Ab	1.11±0.11 Aab	1.29±0.20 Aa	0.24±0.01 Aa	1.82±0.05 Aa	1.46±0.09 Aa

Changes in Topsoil Organic Matter Content and Composition of a Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosol Amended with Maize Residue in Different Forms from the Tai Lake Plain, China

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