Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 1718-1728.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nitrogen Accumulations and Organic Nitrogen Components in Soil Aggregates in Yellow-Mud Paddy Soil

WANG Fei(), LI QingHua, HE ChunMei(), YOU YanLing, HUANG YiBin   

  1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013
  • Received:2022-04-06 Accepted:2022-06-01 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-10

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Abstract:

【Objective】Nitrogen is an important limiting factor for soil productivity in sticky and thin medium-low-yield paddy soil in southern China. In order to provide the basis for reasonable fertilization and soil nitrogen pool management, the effects of long-term fertilizations on nitrogen accumulations and organic nitrogen components in soil aggregates in a yellow-mud paddy soil were investigated.【Method】 In the 36th year, soil samples from the plough layer under different fertilization treatments in the long-term experiment of yellow-mud paddy soil were collected to analyze the nitrogen accumulation and the content of organic nitrogen components as well as their distributions in aggregates by wet screening and Bremner organic nitrogen classification method. The treatments included: no fertilization (CK), application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer plus cow dung (NPKM), and chemical fertilizer plus total rice straw returning (NPKS). 【Result】 The content of total nitrogen in >2 mm aggregate was significantly increased by 12.7%-51.9% in fertilization treatments compared with that in CK (P<0.05). The cumulative contribution ratios of TN in >2 mm aggregate to total nitrogen in bulk soil under NPKM and NPKS treatments were 24.7 and 20.0 percentage points significantly higher than that under CK (P<0.05), respectively. The content of acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AHN) and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen (NHN) in >2 mm aggregate in fertilization treatments were increased by 10.1%-36.3% and 20.7%-100.5% compared with those under CK, respectively, and the cumulative contributions of the two components to total nitrogen in bulk soil were increased as well, especially for NPKM and NPKS treatments. In >2 mm aggregate, the content of acid-hydrolyzable ammonia nitrogen (AMMN) in fertilization treatments were significantly increased by 17.2%-40.4% compared with that in CK (P<0.05), and the largest increasement was found under NPKM treatment. The content of acid-hydrolyzable amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and acid-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen (HUN) were increased most significantly under NPKS and NPKM treatments, which were 24.0% and 52.1% higher than those under CK (P<0.05), respectively. The content of NHN and AMMN in >2 mm and 0.25-2 mm aggregates were all significantly positively correlated with the content of alkaline nitrogen in corresponding aggregates (P<0.05). Compared with NPKM, NPKS was more conducive to the accumulation of NHN in >2 mm aggregate. In >2 mm aggregate, NPKM had the biggest contribution to the increase of AMMN and HUN contents, and their cumulative contribution ratios to total nitrogen in bulk soil, while NPKS had the largest contribution to the increase of AAN content and their cumulative contribution ratio to total nitrogen in bulk soil. Redundant analysis (RDA) showed that the nitrogen uptake of rice plant was mainly affected by NHN components in >2 mm and 0.25-2 mm aggregates. The nitrogen uptake of rice plant was more affected by soil organic nitrogen components under NPKM and NPKS treatments than that under NPK and CK treatment.【Conclusion】The content of total nitrogen in >2 mm aggregate and their cumulative contributions to total nitrogen in bulk soil were increased in plough layer of yellow-mud paddy soil under long-term fertilizations, especially for the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The contents of NHN, AHN and AMMN in >2 mm aggregate were closely related to alkaline nitrogen and the nitrogen uptake of rice plant in yellow-mud paddy soil, which were important available nitrogen pool.

Key words: long-term fertilization, organic nitrogen component, soil aggregate, yellow-mud paddy soil, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer

Table 1

The content of related nitrogen factors in bulk soil under different fertilizations"

处理
Treatment		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg-1)		 可溶性氮
Soluble nitrogen (mg·kg-1)		 微生物生物量氮
Microbial biomass nitrogen (mg·kg-1)
CK 1.27d 124.9c 61.1b 44.2c
NPK 1.51c 144.9b 73.7a 53.8bc
NPKM 1.82a 182.1a 82.9a 68.1a
NPKS 1.66b 159.2b 82.2a 67.5ab

Fig. 1

Total nitrogen contents in soil aggregates of various sizes under different fertilizations Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the same particle size among treatments at the 0.05 level. The same as below"

Table 2

Cumulative contribution ratios of total nitrogen in each aggregate to that in bulk soil under different fertilizations (%)"

处理Treatment >2 mm 0.25-2 mm 0.053-0.25 mm <0.053 mm
CK 44.5b 38.7a 11.1a 5.8a
NPK 46.7b 40.7a 7.9ab 4.7ab
NPKM 69.2a 23.7b 3.6c 3.5b
NPKS 64.5a 27.0b 4.7bc 3.8b

Table 3

Content of acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen and non-acid hydrolyzable nitrogen in aggregates and their cumulative contribution ratios to total nitrogen in bulk soil under different fertilizations"

团聚体
Aggregate		 处理
Treatment		 酸解性氮 AHN 非酸解性氮 NHN
含量
Content
(g·kg-1)		 对原土氮累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution ratios to total nitrogen of bulk soil (%)		 含量
Content
(g·kg-1)		 对原土氮累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution ratios to total nitrogen of bulk soil (%)
>2 mm CK 0.969c 33.6c 0.316b 10.9b
NPK 1.067b 34.8bc 0.381b 12.0b
NPKM 1.321a 47.0a 0.631a 22.1a
NPKS 1.140b 41.5ab 0.634a 23.0a
0.25-2 mm CK 0.793a 32.1a 0.160b 6.6a
NPK 0.933a 31.1a 0.267ab 9.5a
NPKM 0.943a 16.8b 0.383a 6.9a
NPKS 0.844a 19.6b 0.312ab 7.4a
0.053-0.25 mm CK 0.731a 8.2a 0.262a 2.9a
NPK 0.795a 6.1ab 0.23a 1.7b
NPKM 0.796a 2.8c 0.223a 0.8d
NPKS 0.708a 3.5bc 0.233a 1.2c
<0.053 mm CK 0.754a 4.2a 0.281a 1.6a
NPK 0.796a 3.3a 0.336a 1.4a
NPKM 0.977a 2.6a 0.343a 0.9a
NPKS 0.785a 2.8a 0.295a 1.0a

Table 4

Content of acid hydrolyzable nitrogen components in aggregates and their cumulative contribution ratios to total nitrogen of bulk soil under different fertilizations"

团聚体Aggregate 处理Treatment 酸解性氮组分含量
AHN content (g·kg-1)		 对原土全氮累积贡献
Cumulative contribution ratios to total nitrogen of bulk soil (%)
酸解铵态氮AMMN 酸解氨基糖态氮ASN 酸解氨基酸态氮AAN 酸解未知态氮HUN 酸解铵态氮AMMN 酸解氨基糖态氮ASN 酸解氨基酸态氮AAN 酸解未知态氮HUN
>2 mm CK 0.241c 0.035a 0.251b 0.442b 8.32b 1.20a 8.68bc 15.40b
NPK 0.282b 0.021a 0.250b 0.513b 8.98b 0.78a 7.96c 17.06b
NPKM 0.338a 0.034a 0.276ab 0.673a 12.00a 1.23a 9.76b 24.04a
NPKS 0.303ab 0.039a 0.311a 0.487b 11.01a 1.42a 11.30a 17.75ab
0.25-2 mm CK 0.194a 0.031a 0.225a 0.343a 7.95a 1.30a 9.24a 13.62a
NPK 0.223a 0.030a 0.212a 0.467a 7.67a 0.98a 7.33ab 15.16a
NPKM 0.246a 0.031a 0.204a 0.462a 4.41b 0.54a 3.66c 8.23b
NPKS 0.209a 0.028a 0.232a 0.376a 4.96b 0.60a 5.43b 8.57b
0.053-0.25 mm CK 0.186a 0.029a 0.193a 0.323a 2.08a 0.99a 2.16a 3.56a
NPK 0.197a 0.036a 0.171a 0.391a 1.51ab 1.25a 1.36ab 2.99a
NPKM 0.207a 0.016a 0.192a 0.380a 0.73c 0.57a 0.68b 1.36b
NPKS 0.185a 0.031a 0.171a 0.321a 0.97bc 1.13a 0.97b 1.45b
<0.053 mm CK 0.263a 0.001b 0.170a 0.319a 1.44a 0.01a 0.95a 1.77a
NPK 0.222a 0.068a 0.190a 0.316a 0.93a 0.30a 0.78a 1.29ab
NPKM 0.304a 0.016ab 0.255a 0.402a 0.81a 0.04a 0.68a 1.07ab
NPKS 0.242a 0.024ab 0.189a 0.331a 0.87a 0.10a 0.68a 1.10b

Table 5

Correlation of nitrogen components in >2 mm and 0.25-2 mm aggregates with alkaline nitrogen and nitrogen uptake of plant"

项目 >2 mm团聚体 >2 mm aggregate 0.25-2 mm团聚体 0.25-2 mm aggregate
NHN AHN AMMN AAN ASN HUN NHN AHN AMMN AAN ASN HUN
>2 mm团聚体碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen in >2 mm aggregate		 0.77** 0.75** 0.86** 0.42 0.10 0.50 - - - - - -
0.25-2mm团聚体碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen in 0.25-2 mm aggregate		 - - - - - - 0.81** -0.09 0.61* 0.25 0.22 -0.35
籽粒氮吸收
Nitrogen uptake of grain		 0.72** 0.67* 0.67* 0.48 -0.03 0.48 0.58* 0.38 0.35 -0.13 -0.16 0.32
稻秸氮吸收
Nitrogen uptake of straw		 0.80** 0.75** 0.77** 0.5 0.05 0.53 0.66* 0.35 0.44 -0.11 -0.08 0.25

Fig. 2

RDA analysis of organic nitrogen components in >2 mm (a) and 0.25-2 mm aggregates (b) and nitrogen uptake of rice plant under different fertilizations"

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