Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 1045-1060.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.003

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Difference in the Comprehensive Response of Dry Matter Accumulation of Rice at Tillering Stage to Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Nitrogen Nutrition and Its Physiological Mechanism

HE Jiang1,2(), DING Ying2, LOU XiangDi2, JI DongLing1, ZHANG XiangXiang2, WANG YongHui2, ZHANG WeiYang1, WANG ZhiQin1, WANG WeiLu1,3(), YANG JianChang1   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
    2 Jiangsu Coastal Agricultural Science Research Institute, Yancheng 224002, Jiangsu
    3 Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Ministry of Education/Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
  • Received:2022-06-28 Accepted:2022-08-02 Online:2023-03-16 Published:2023-03-23

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the comprehensive response difference and physiological mechanism of different rice cultivars in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition. 【Method】 In this study, a rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu (LY) with high response to CO2 (high-response rice cultivar) and a rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 (NJ) with low response to CO2 (low-response rice cultivar) were selected as materials. Hydroponic experiments were carried out in the climate chamber. Two CO2 treatments and two nitrogen treatments were set up with ambient CO2 concentration (A-CO2, 400 μmol·mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (E-CO2, 600 μmol·mol-1), and high nitrogen (HN, 1.25 mmol·L-1 NH4NO3) and low nitrogen (LN, 0.25 mmol·L-1 NH4NO3), respectively. The effects of elevated CO2 concentration on root morphology and physiological activity, cytokinin (CTKs) content in leaves and roots, nitrogen assimilation enzyme activity, physiological characteristics of leaves, photosynthetic parameters, and dry matter accumulation of different rice cultivars were analyzed. 【Result】 (1) E-CO2 significantly increased the total crown root number, total root length (except LN level), total root surface area, and average diameter of LY, improved root respiration rate and maintained high root oxidation power, but had no significant or opposite effects on NJ. (2) Regardless of nitrogen level, E-CO2 significantly increased CTKs content in LY leaves and roots, but significantly decreased zeatin nucleoside (ZR) content in NJ roots at HN level. (3) At LN level, E-CO2 significantly increased GOGAT and GDH activities in LY leaves, but significantly decreased NR activities in NJ leaves. At HN level, the activity of LY nitrogen assimilation enzyme increased under E-CO2 condition, but only NR activity increased in NJ. (4) At LN level, E-CO2 increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of LY and NJ by 28.0% and 29.4%, respectively. At HN level, Pn of the two cultivars increased by 41.0% and 28.1%, respectively. The significant increase in photosynthetic response of LY was attributed to the significant increase in leaf maximum carboxylation efficiency (Vc,max), maximum photosynthetic electron transport efficiency (Jmax), ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content, chlorophyll content, and leaf nitrogen content. (5) E-CO2 significantly increased the leaf area per plant of LY under different nitrogen levels, but had no significant effect on NJ. (6) E-CO2 significantly increased the organs and total biomass of LY, and the increased level under HN was significantly higher than that under LN level. E-CO2 did not significantly affect the total biomass of NJ under different nitrogen treatments, but significantly reduced the underground biomass of NJ under HN (-16.7%). 【Conclusion】 No matter at the HN or LN treatment, the response of dry matter production and physiological characteristics of LY to E-CO2 was higher than that of NJ. In the early growth stage, LY had better root morphological characters and root activity, higher CTKs content, stronger nitrogen assimilation ability, larger green leaf area and photosynthetic response capacity, which were important reasons accounting for the higher response of dry matter production under E-CO2 conditions.

Key words: rice, elevated CO2 concentration, root morphology, cytokinin, photosynthesis, dry matter production

Table 1

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on root morphology of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

N水平
N level		 品种
Cultivar		 二氧化碳水平CO2 level 每穴冠根数
Number of roots		 每穴总根长
Total root length (cm/hill)		 每穴表面积
Total root surface (cm2/hill)		 平均直径
Average diameter (mm)
LN LY A 47.6±3.1cd 2386.1±81.6b 214.7±15.0c 0.29±0.01c
E 60.8±1.1b 2377.6±81.6b 261.1±15.3b 0.35±0.02a
NJ A 43.0±0.9de 2329.2±166.1b 146.3±9.1ef 0.20±0.01e
E 43.1±2.9de 1759.5±116.7e 150.5±10.2ef 0.27±0.01cd
HN LY A 51.9±2.8c 2188.6±107.5bc 185.8±12.1d 0.27±0.01cd
E 77.9±4.6a 3389.2±173.1a 348.0±16.8a 0.32±0.02b
NJ A 40.1±2.8e 2005.9±138.3cd 166.8±8.4de 0.25±0.01d
E 40.1±1.5e 1816.7±114.6de 142.6±8.2f 0.26±0.02d
方差分析 ANOVA
N ** * ** NS
Cultivar ** ** ** **
CO2 ** ** ** **
N×Cultivar ** ** * **
N×CO2 * ** ** **
Cultivar×CO2 ** ** ** NS
N×Cultivar×CO2 * * ** *

Fig. 1

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on root physiological characteristics of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) LN: Low nitrogen level; HN: High nitrogen level; A: Ambient CO2 (400 μmol·mol-1); E: Elevated CO2 (600 μmol·mol-1); Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on cytokinins in leaves of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

Fig. 3

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on cytokinins in roots of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

Fig. 4

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on activities of enzymes in nitrogen assimilation of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

Fig. 5

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthesis parameter in leaves of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

Fig. 6

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on physiological characteristics of leaves of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

Fig. 7

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on the number of tillers per hill and leaf area per hill of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

Table 2

Effect of elevated CO2 concentration on dry matter accumulation of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ)"

氮水平
N level		 品种
Cultivar		 二氧化碳水平
CO2 level		 叶片干重
Leaf dry weight
(g/hill)		 茎鞘干重
Stem dry weight
(g/hill)		 根系干重
Root dry weight
(g/hill)		 地上部单茎干重
Dry weight of shoot per stem (g/stem)		 根冠比
R/S
LN LY A 0.29±0.01de 0.23±0.01f 0.18±0.01c 0.23±0.03f 0.34±0.01b
E 0.40±0.02c 0.38±0.02b 0.28±0.01a 0.35±0.03a 0.37±0.02a
NJ A 0.28±0.01e 0.27±0.01de 0.11±0.01de 0.26±0.03ef 0.21±0.02c
E 0.26±0.01e 0.26±0.01e 0.11±0.01de 0.26±0.01de 0.22±0.01c
HN LY A 0.49±0.03b 0.33±0.01c 0.12±0.01de 0.25±0.01ef 0.14±0.01e
E 0.96±0.03a 0.61±0.02a 0.24±0.01b 0.34±0.03ab 0.15±0.01e
NJ A 0.32±0.01d 0.29±0.01de 0.12±0.01d 0.30±0.01bc 0.19±0.01d
E 0.33±0.02d 0.29±0.02d 0.10±0.01e 0.30±0.03cd 0.16±0.01e
方差分析 ANOVA
N ** ** ** * **
Cultivar ** ** ** NS **
CO2 ** ** ** ** NS
N×Cultivar ** ** ** NS **
N×CO2 ** ** NS NS **
Cultivar×CO2 ** ** ** ** **
N×Cultivar×CO2 ** ** NS NS NS

Fig. 8

Correlation analysis of indexes of Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) under elevated CO2 concentration Blue and red showed significant positive and negative correlation, while white showed no significant correlation. *: P≤0.05; **: P≤0.01; ***: P≤0.001. LDW: Leaf dry weight; SDW: Stem dry weight; RDW: Root dry weight; TDW: Total dry weight; SPTDW: Dry weight of shoot per stem; R/S: Ratio of root to shoot; LA: Leaf area; Tillers: Number of tillers; NumR: Number of roots; RL: Total root length; RS: Total root surface area; RD: Average root diameter; RrR: Root respiration rate; ROA: Root oxidation power; LCTK: Total cytokinin content in leaves; RCTK: Total cytokinin content in roots; NR: Nitrate reductase activity; GS: Glutamine synthetase activity; GOGAT: Glutamate synthetase activity; GDH: Glutamate dehydrogenase activity; Pn: Leaf net photosynthetic rate; Gs: Stomatal conductance; Vc,max: Maximum carboxylation efficiency; Jmax: Maximum photosynthetic electron transport efficiency; LCC: Chlorophyll content; NC: Leaf nitrogen content; RubiscoC: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content"

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