基于甘蔗产量与土壤磷素平衡的磷肥施用量研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the phosphate fertilizer rate based on sugarcane yield and phosphorus (P) balance in soil, with an aim to provide a reference for the efficient utilization and scientific management of P in farmland. 【Method】A 3-year continuous field trail was conducted in Wuming district of Nanning city of Guangxi province from 2014 to 2016, which was designed with five phosphate fertilization treatments, including non-phosphate fertilization (P0), 75 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P1), 150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P2), 300 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P3) and 600 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 (P4). The yield of cane and leaves and Olsen-P content in soil were measured, and the relation between cane yield and Olsen-P was evaluated by Mitscherlich model. The agronomic threshold of soil Olsen-P was also calculated. Plant P content, P uptake, P utilization efficiency and P balance in soil were further analyzed. 【Result】Compared with P0 treatment, the cane yield was significantly increased by 8.3% (2014), 18.0% (2015) and 15.5% (2016) under P2 treatment. P2 or P3 treatments had the highest yields for leaves and above-ground part, but there was no significant difference in cane, leaves and above-ground part among different P application rates. P accumulations in cane, leaves and above were also similar among P2 to P4 treatments. Olsen-P content, P balance and P surplus rate increased significantly with the increase of P application rate, while the PRE and PPFP decreased gradually with the increase of P application rate; where P1 treatment was the highest, which was significantly higher than that under P3 and P4 treatments. The agronomic threshold of Olsne-P was 13.4 mg kg^-1 based on Mitscherlich model. Correlation analysis showed that P surplus rate was significantly positively correlated with P application rate and soil Olsen-P (P<0.01), and which was significantly quadratic correlated with sugarcane stem yield (P<0.01), and significantly exponential correlated with PRE and PPFP (P<0.01). When P application rate was 40.9 kg·hm^-2, P surplus rate, soil Olsen-P content and cane yield were 0,15.87 mg kg^-1and 94.2 t·hm^-2, respectively. While the maximum cane yield was obtained by linear and platform fitting, soil P surplus rate, Olsen-P content and cane yield were 216.2%-232.7%, 24.7-25.4 mg·kg^-1 and 99.7-100 t·hm^-2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In lateritic red soil with relatively high Olsen-P content, the P application rate of 40.9 kg·hm^-2would maintain the soil Olsen P content, meet the demand for high yield and high phosphorus utilization efficiency. Thus, it could be used as the recommended P application amount.

Key words: sugarcane, phosphorus application rate, Olsen-P, phosphorus balance

OU HuiPing,ZHOU LiuQiang,HUANG JinSheng,ZHU XiaoHui,ZENG Yan,PENG JiaYu,XIE RuLin,TAN HongWei,LI ZhongNing,SHEN XiaoWei,LIU XiHui. Research on Phosphorus Application Rate Based on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Balance in Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13): 2818-2829.

Figures/Tables 7

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)			优化施磷量 P application rate (kg P₂O₅·hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蔗茎 Cane	蔗叶 Leaf	地上部 Aerial part	蔗茎 Cane	蔗叶 Leaf	地上部 Aerial part	蔗茎 Cane	蔗叶 Leaf	地上部 Aerial part
2014	P0	92.2±1.6 b	21.0±0.5 a	113.2±2.1b	150	150	150	98.8	21.1	119.9
	P1	95.0±1.6 ab	20.9±0.2 a	115.9±1.7ab
	P2	99.9±2.3 a	21.4±0.5 a	121.3±2.0 a
	P3	99.1±2.5 ab	21.0±0.3 a	120.1±2.8 ab
	P4	98.5±1.6 ab	20.9±0.7 a	119.4±2.2 ab
2015	P0	89.5±2.7 b	20.6± 0.8 b	110.1±3.5 b	109.9	116.6	110.6	106.4	22.6	129.0
	P1	101.1±5.7 ab	21.9±0.2 ab	123.0±5.8 ab
	P2	105.6±3.1 a	23.0±0.3 a	128.6±3.5 a
	P3	108.6±0.6 a	22.9±0.7 a	131.5±0.5 a
	P4	105.1±3.8 a	21.9±0.8 ab	127.0±4.1 a
2016	P0	88.3±1.1 b	16.9±0.4 c	105.2±1.4 c	160.8	176.7	166.3	102.6	25.1	127.7
	P1	94.0±2.7 ab	19.2±0.1 bc	113.2±2.6 bc
	P2	102.0±1.2 a	24.3±1.3 ab	126.3±2.5 ab
	P3	102.3±5.1 a	26.9±1.6 a	129.2±6.5 a
	P4	102.9±4.1 a	23.3±2.5 ab	126.3±6.6 ab
平均 Average					140.2	147.8	142.3	102.6	22.9	125.5

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蔗茎磷累积量 Cane P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	蔗叶磷累积量 Leaves P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	地上部磷累积量 Aboveground P accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
2014	P0	11.2±0.59 b	5.7±0.31 b	16.9±0.87 c
	P1	11.7±0.39 b	8.0±0.13 a	19.6±0.52 b
	P2	13.3±0.69 a	8.3±0.08 a	21.6±0.69 a
	P3	13.5±0.24 a	7.8±0.23 a	21.3±0.41 a
	P4	14.1±0.46 a	7.9±0.24 a	22.0±0.23 a
2015	P0	8.5±0.44 b	6.2±0.62 b	14.7±0.90 b
	P1	10.4±0.21 ab	8.0±0.05 ab	18.4±0.22 a
	P2	12.3±0.29 a	7.1±0.39 ab	19.4±0.51 a
	P3	12.5±0.62 a	8.6±0.48 a	21.1±1.11 a
	P4	12.4±1.2 a	7.1±0.63 ab	19.5±1.34 a
2016	P0	6.9±0.46 b	4.6±0.15 c	11.5±0.47 c
	P1	9.4±0.18 ab	5.4±0.05 bc	14.8±0.14 bc
	P2	10.6±0.32 a	6.7±0.24 a	17.3±0.21 ab
	P3	10.7±1.52 a	7.3±0.35 a	18.0±1.45 ab
	P4	12.2±0.68 a	6.5±0.76 ab	18.6±1.39 a

Research on Phosphorus Application Rate Based on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Balance in Soil

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