Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 94-104.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Continuous Straw Returning on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Crop Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Oilseed Rape-Rice Rotation

KunKun WANG,ShiPeng LIAO,Tao REN,XiaoKun LI,RiHuan CONG(),JianWei LU   

  1. Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University /Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070
  • Received:2019-04-22 Accepted:2019-06-04 Online:2020-01-01 Published:2020-01-19
  • Contact: RiHuan CONG E-mail:congrihuan@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

Abstract:

【Objective】By exploring the contribution of chemical phosphorus fertilizer and straw returning combined with phosphorus fertilizer to crop productivity, as well as the effect on soil phosphorus availability and phosphorus efficiency under the system of oilseed rape-rice rotation in the Yangtze River, this paper provided a scientific basis for farmland soil phosphorus management.【Method】The experiment was conducted at Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei Province during the period of 2015-2018. Three treatments in the positioning experiment were selected as followed: (1) phosphorus was not applied (NK); (2) phosphorus application (NPK); (3) phosphorus application and straw returning (NPK+S). By measuring crop yield, phosphorus content and soil Olsen-P, the phosphorus use efficiency of crops was analyzed, and the response of soil Olsen-P to P apparent balance was discussed.【Result】The average yield of oilseed rape and rice under NPK treatment increased by 530.3% and 35.9%, respectively, and the P2O5 accumulation increased by 495.3% and 98.5%, respectively, compared with NK treatment. The average yield of oilseed rape and rice under NPK+S treatment increased by 19.1% and 11.0%, respectively, and the P2O5 accumulation increased by 20.6% and 11.7%, respectively, compared with NPK treatment. The response of oilseed rape yield and P2O5 accumulation to phosphorus fertilizer and straw was better than that of rice. Under the condition of straw returning, the average agronomic efficiency of oilseed rape and rice increased by 6.8% and 33.9%, respectively, and the accumulative phosphorus use efficiency of oilseed rape, rice and anniversary increased by 8.6%, 17.0% and 19.8%, respectively. The effect of straw returning on phosphorus use efficiency and agricultural efficiency of rice was more significant. After four years of oilseed rape-rice rotation, the accumulated deficit of phosphorus in soil was 110.2 kg P2O5·hm -2 under NK treatment, and the Olsen-P was 1.9 mg·kg -1. The accumulated phosphorus surplus of soil under NPK treatment was 210.9 kg P2O5·hm -2, and the Olsen-P (4.3 mg·kg -1) was 126.3% higher than that under NK treatment. NPK+S treatment increased the accumulated phosphorus surplus (222.1 kg P2O5·hm -2) by 5.3%, and the Olsen-P (5.1 mg·kg -1) increased by 18.6% compared with NPK treatment. Straw returning significantly increased the soil Olsen-P, but the soil phosphorus surplus did not increase significantly. Under the condition of continuous straw returning and chemical phosphorus fertilizer application, for every 100 kg·hm -2 P surplus of paddy soil, soil Olsen-P under NPK and NPKS treatment increased by 1.8 and 2.0 mg·kg -1, respectively. Straw returning promoted soil phosphorus availability.【Conclusion】Phosphorus application significantly increased the yield and P2O5 accumulation of oilseed rape and rice, and increased the P surplus and the soil Olsen-P. On the basis of phosphorus application, straw returning further increased the yield and P2O5 accumulation of oilseed rape and rice, and improved the use efficiency of phosphorus and agricultural efficiency of crops, especially for rice. At the same time, it could increase the soil Olsen-P while avoiding the excessive accumulation of soil phosphorus.

Key words: oilseed rape-rice rotation, straw returning, crop yield, P2O5 accumulation, phosphorus efficiency, P apparent balance, Olsen-P

Table 1

Total annual inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O nutrients from 2014 to 2018 (kg·hm-2)"

处理
Treatment
油菜季Oilseed rape 水稻季Rice
化肥 Chemical fertilizer
(N-P2O5-K2O)
秸秆 Straw
(N-P2O5-K2O)
化肥 Chemical fertilizer
(N-P2O5-K2O)
秸秆 Straw
(N-P2O5-K2O)
NK 180-0-75 0-0-0 165-0-75 0-0-0
NPK 180-60-75 0-0-0 165-60-75 0-0-0
NPK+S 180-60-75 61.8-8.9-187.5 165-60-75 20.2-3.4-151.1

Fig. 1

Yield and biomass of oilseed rape-rice rotation system under different P treatments during the period of 2015-2018 Different small letters indicate significant difference among treatment within a season at P<0.05. The same as below"

Fig. 2

P2O5 accumulation of oilseed rape-rice rotation system under different P treatments during the period of 2015-2018"

Fig. 3

Average phosphorus agronomic efficiency and accumulated phosphorus utilization efficiency of oilseed rape-rice rotation system under different P treatments during the period of 2015-2018"

Fig. 4

Annual soil P2O5 balance in oilseed rape-rice rotation system under different P treatments during the period of 2015-2018"

Fig. 5

Soil Olsen-P in oilseed rape-rice rotation system under different P treatments during the period of 2015-2018"

Fig. 6

Response of soil Olsen-P to P apparent balance at oilseed rape-rice rotation system"

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