Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (22): 4623-4633.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER?WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION?AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Change of Phosphorus in Lateritic Red Soil and Its Effect on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Loss in Runoff Under 11-Year Continuous Application of Excessive Phosphorus Fertilizer

OU HuiPing1,ZHOU LiuQiang1,HUANG JinSheng1,XIE RuLin1,ZHU XiaoHui1,PENG JiaYu1,ZENG Yan1,MO ZongBiao2,TAN HongWei1(),YE ShengQin2   

  1. 1 Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
    2 Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Central Station, Guangxi Autonomous Region, Nanning 530000
  • Received:2020-03-09 Accepted:2020-06-03 Online:2020-11-16 Published:2020-11-28
  • Contact: HongWei TAN E-mail:hongwei_tan@163.com

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was conducted to explore the change of total Phosphorus (P), Olsen-P and P loss in runoff in lateritic red soil, and to evaluate the relation between P change and P balance and between P change and cane yield under 11-year continuous excessive P fertilization, with an aim to provide scientific references for scientific management of soil P.【Method】Three different fertilization treatments (non-fertilization (CK), optimum fertilization (OPT) and application of 50% P2O5 increase based on OPT (OPT+P)) were selected in a 11-years fertilization filed experiment. Total P, Olsen-P and P loss in runoff were measured, and the relation of soil P and P balance were analyzed, agricultural threshold of Olsen-P content was also calculated by Mitscherlich model. The time needed for soil Olsen-P in 11th year to fall to the environmental threshold was further investigated.【Result】The total P under CK treatment decreased with a 0.0251 g·kg -1 decreasing rate year by year, while total P and Olsen-P content under fertilization treatment showed a fluctuation increment with planting time. Compared with OPT treatment, OPT+P treatment had a significant increasing rate for both total P and Olsen-P content. The soil P deficit amount was 10.2 kg·hm -2·a -1 under CK treatment, and soil P surplus amount was 41.3-69.2 kg·hm -2·a -1 for fertilizer treatment, which accounted for 31.9%-35.6% of P application rate, with 67.5% higher in OPT+P treatment than that in OPT treatment. There was significant correlation between the change of soil P and P balance (P<0.01). With 100 kg P·hm -2 cumulative surplus amount, soil total P increased by 0.06 g·kg -1 and 0.09 g·kg -1, and Olsen-P increased by 11.0 mg·kg -1 and 9.1 mg·kg -1 under OPT and OPT treatment, respectively. With 100 kg P·hm -2 cumulative deficit amount in CK treatment, total P decreased by 0.32 g·kg -1. Mitscherlich model fitted well the response between cane yield and Olsen-P content in lateritic red soil (P<0.01). The agricultural threshold of soil Olsen-P was 12.1 mg·kg -1. Fertilization significantly increased the P loss amount in surface runoff, and the amount of P loss under OPT + P treatment was higher than that in OPT treatment. The amount of P loss amount in surface runoff was positively correlated with Olsen-P content in soil. The time for Olsen-P decreased to the environmental threshold based on the relationship between the change of soil P, and P balance were 12 years and 16 years for OPT treatment and OPT+P treatment. 【Conclusion】In the latosolic red soil of south China, fertilization, especially with excessive P application, not only increased the soil P accumulation, but also increased the risk of P loss from surface runoff. P treated by OPT and applied every one year from the 2-3 year of planting could keep soil P in the range of agricultural threshold and environmental threshold based on the basic P content in this experiment.

Key words: latosolic red soil, total P, Olsen-P, P balance, P loss in runoff, agricultural threshold, sugarcane

Fig. 1

Change of total P in latosolic red soil under long-term P fertilization"

Fig. 2

Change of Olsen-P in latosolic red soil under long-term P fertilization"

Fig. 3

Change of P balance under long-term P fertilization"

Fig. 4

Correlations relationship between soil total P change and P balance under long-term P fertilization"

Fig. 5

Correlations relationship between soil Olsen-P change and P balance under long-term P fertilization"

Fig. 6

Correlations relationship between soil total P, Olsen-P change and P balance under all treatments"

Fig. 7

Responses of relative yield of cane to soil Olsen-P content"

Fig. 8

Change of P loss amount under long-term P fertilization Different letters represent significant difference at 0.01 level"

Table 1

Relation between P loss and Olsen-P"

年份Year
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
r 0.910 0.895 0.965* 0.956* 0.999** 0.966* 0.969* 0.999** 0.998** 0.957* 0.962*

Table 2

Time need for Olsen-P content in 11-year decrease to environmental threshold"

处理
Treatment
每年甘蔗携磷量
P amount in sugarcane
(kg P·hm-2)
Olsen-P变化量与磷累积盈亏量的响应系数
Coefficient of Olsen-P variation and P balance
第11年土壤
Olsen-P 含量
Olsen-P content in 11-year (mg·kg-1)
Olsen-P 环境阈值[13]
Environment threshold (mg·kg-1)
不施肥下土壤Olsen-P降至环境阈值的 时间(年)
Time need for Olsen-P decrease to environment threshold with no fertilization (a)
OPT 18.36 0.1101 45.8 21.7 12
OPT+P 18.92 0.0915 50.0 21.7 16
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