干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to understand the yield formation characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) of indica/japonica hybrid rice (IJHR) cultivar and their physiological bases under alternate wetting and soil drying (AWD) regime.【Method】The field experiment was conducted at Huangtianfan Experimental Farm which belonged to China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, Southeast China, in 2018 and 2019. Two newly-bred IJHR cultivars, Yongyou 1540 and Chunyou 927, and two local high-yielding japonica hybrid rice (JHR) cultivars, Changyou 5 and Jiayou 5, were field grown. Two irrigation regimes, conventional irrigation (CI) and AWD, were imposed from 7 days after transplanting to maturity. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of AWD on the grain yield and WUE of IJHR and its physiological bases. 【Result】Compared with those under CI regime, the grain yields of JHR cultivars were significantly decreased by 12.3%-12.8% under AWD regime, whereas the difference in grain yields of IJHR cultivars was not significant between CI and AWD regimes. Compared with the CI regime, AWD significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water and significantly increased WUE by 5.9%-8.3% and 13.7%-16.8% in JHR and IJHR cultivars, respectively. In comparison with JHR cultivars, IJHR cultivars showed greater tillering capacity, larger sink size and higher grain filling rate, higher leaf area duration and crop growth rate from heading to maturity, higher root oxidation activity, leaf photosynthetic rates, and activities of sucrose synthase and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase in grains at the first and second soil drying periods as well as re-watering periods after heading.【Conclusion】IJHR cultivars could obtain higher grain yields and higher WUE than JHR cultivars under AWD regime. Stronger physiological activities of root, including higher root oxidation activity at the first and second soil drying periods as well as re-watering periods after heading, and above ground plants, including higher leaf area duration, crop growth rate from heading to maturity, greater leaf photosynthetic rates, and activities of sucrose synthase and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase in grains at the first and second soil drying periods as well as re-watering periods after heading, contributed to their better yield performance and higher WUE of IJHR cultivars under AWD regime.

Key words: rice, alternate wetting and soil drying, indica-japonica hybrid rice, grain yield, water use efficiency, physiological bases

CHU Guang,XU Ran,CHEN Song,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Soil Drying on the Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice and Its Physiological Bases[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1499-1511.

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References 48

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年份/气象条件 Year/ Meteorological condition	六月 June	七月 July	八月 August	九月 September	十月 October
2017
降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	112	218	164	72	62
日照时长 Sunshine (h)	98	220	208	185	157
平均气温 Temperature (℃)	26.5	28.6	28.5	26.8	22.5
2018
降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	71	182	151	84	77
日照时长 Sunshine (h)	118	241	185	178	164
平均气温 Temperature (℃)	26.8	28.9	28.1	26.5	22.8

方差分析 Analysis of variance	产量 Grian yield	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency	茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive tillers	作物生长速率 Crop growth rate	光合势 Leaf area duration	根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity	剑叶净光合速率 Flag leaf photosynthetic rate	蔗糖合酶 SuSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase
年份 Year	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年份×品种 Year ×Cultivar	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年份×处理 Year ×Treatment	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	稻谷产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)	穗数 Number of panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10³ m^-2)	结实率 Filled grains (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
甬优1540 YY-1540	CI	11.5a	202c	326a	65.7a	79.2c	23.0c
甬优1540 YY-1540	AWD	11.4a	198c	304b	59.9b	84.5b	23.3c
春优927 CY-927	CI	11.6a	189d	311b	58.8b	84.2b	24.7b
春优927 CY-927	AWD	11.5a	186d	287c	53.2c	89.6a	25.0b
常优5号 CY-5	CI	10.1b	251a	186e	46.7d	84.4b	26.8a
常优5号 CY-5	AWD	8.86c	240b	169f	40.4e	85.3b	26.8a
嘉优5号 JY-5	CI	9.82b	248a	198d	48.9d	80.7c	25.8b
嘉优5号 JY-5	AWD	8.56c	235b	181e	42.3e	81.9c	25.9b
方差分析 ANOVA
品种 Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**	NS
品种×处理 C×T		**	*	*	*	**	*

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	茎蘖数 Number of tillers and mail stems (m^-2)			茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive tillers (%)
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	茎蘖成穗率 Percentage of productive tillers (%)
甬优1540 YY-1540	CI	281c	208c	202c	71.7b
甬优1540 YY-1540	AWD	258d	207c	198c	76.2a
春优927 CY-927	CI	260d	198d	189d	72.7b
春优927 CY-927	AWD	239e	197d	186d	77.5a
常优5号 CY-5	CI	360a	259a	251a	70.4b
常优5号 CY-5	AWD	315b	245b	240b	76.1a
嘉优5号 JY-5	CI	357a	255a	248a	69.4b
嘉优5号 JY-5	AWD	309b	241b	235b	75.9a
方差分析 ANOVA
品种 Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	NS
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**
品种×处理 C×T		**	*	*	NS

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	叶面积指数 LAI (m²·m^-2)			光合势 LAD (m²·m^-2·d)
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	拔节前 Before Jointing	拔节-齐穗 Jointing-Heading	齐穗-成熟 Heading-Maturity
甬优1540 YY-1540	CI	4.67a	7.87a	1.85a	103a	251a	243a
甬优1540 YY-1540	AWD	3.71b	7.58a	1.80a	84.2b	226b	235a
春优927 CY-927	CI	4.88a	7.92a	1.91a	108a	256a	246a
春优927 CY-927	AWD	3.87b	7.63a	1.88a	87.4b	220bc	238a
常优5号 CY-5	CI	3.52b	7.01b	1.14b	80.4b	211c	204b
常优5号 CY-5	AWD	2.30c	5.56c	0.77c	56.0c	157d	158c
嘉优5号 JY-5	CI	3.68b	6.97b	1.12b	83.6b	213c	202b
嘉优5号 JY-5	AWD	2.12c	5.48c	0.71c	52.4c	152d	155c
方差分析 ANOVA
品种 Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	*	**
品种×处理 C×T		*	**	*	**	*	*

Effects of Alternate Wetting and Soil Drying on the Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice and Its Physiological Bases

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity (μg α-NA·g^-1 DW·h^-1 )				剑叶净光合速率 Flag leaf photosynthetic rate (µmol·m^-2·s^-1 )
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	D1	W1	D2	W2	D1	W1	D2	W2
甬优1540 YY-1540	CI	560a	559b	418a	414b	24.6a	24.3b	21.8a	21.3b
甬优1540 YY-1540	AWD	553a	637a	409a	498a	24.3a	26.7a	21.5a	24.3a
春优927 CY-927	CI	569a	563b	420a	418b	24.9a	24.5b	22.1a	21.6b
春优927 CY-927	AWD	557a	629a	415a	478a	24.2a	26.5a	21.9a	24.8a
常优5号 CY-5	CI	502b	490c	343b	334c	24.5a	24.3b	18.4b	18.1c
常优5号 CY-5	AWD	407c	478c	254c	292d	20.7b	23.9b	13.8c	15.5d
嘉优5号 JY-5	CI	496b	486c	358b	360c	24.6a	24.1b	18.1b	18.4c
嘉优5号 JY-5	AWD	415c	481c	269c	287d	21.0b	24.0b	13.9c	15.2d
方差分析 ANOVA
品种 Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
品种×处理 C×T		*	**	**	*	**	*	*	*

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	蔗糖合酶 SuSase (µmol·g^-1 DW·min^-1)				腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase (µmol·g^-1 DW·min^-1 )
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	D1	W1	D2	W2	D1	W1	D2	W2
甬优1540 YY-1540	CI	42.3a	41.2b	27.3a	27.0b	29.1a	29.4b	17.6a	17.3b
甬优1540 YY-1540	AWD	42.7a	50.0a	27.7a	33.7a	28.3a	36.0a	17.3a	23.1a
春优927 CY-927	CI	40.8a	40.2b	29.3a	28.8b	28.4a	29.0b	17.2a	16.9b
春优927 CY-927	AWD	41.8a	48.2a	28.7a	36.8a	27.6a	36.6a	17.1a	22.4a
常优5号 CY-5	CI	31.7b	31.0c	21.1b	21.5c	23.6b	23.7c	11.4b	11.9c
常优5号 CY-5	AWD	24.4c	31.5c	12.0c	15.8d	18.5c	23.6c	6.34c	8.13d
嘉优5号 JY-5	CI	31.6b	31.3c	23.0b	22.6c	24.6b	24.2c	12.0b	11.7c
嘉优5号 JY-5	AWD	22.6c	29.6c	11.9c	17.3d	18.1c	23.2c	6.03c	7.97d
方差分析 ANOVA
品种 Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	*	**	**	**	**	**
品种×处理 C×T		**	*	*	*	*	**	**	*