优质水稻新种质ZY56的创制及评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to avoid the influences of unknown genes, genetic background and other uncontrollable factors in breeding practice, experiments were conducted to create new high-quality rice germplasm using an improved method, which integrated high-throughput SNP genotyping with traditional breeding to improve breeding efficiency. 【Method】 Two varieties of rice (Jianzhen 2 and Ezhong 5) were used as parents to make a cross (Ezhong 5/Jianzhen 2), and Ezhong 5 was used as recurrent parent to obtain backcross generations, whose progenies were selected by pedigree method. Rice qualities were evaluated in generations from BC₁F₂ to BC₁F₄. An elite line, 4W1-056, was screened in the generation of BC₁F₇. DNA segments from Jianzhen 2, Ezhong 5 and 66 plants of 4W1-056 were PCR-amplified and sequenced using capture sequencing technologies, and 908 SNP sites were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on genotypes of SNP sites using p-distance method in software MEGA7. Novel lines were selected and evaluated based on agronomic traits and rice qualities in combination with the results from phylogenetic analyses. 【Result】An elite line 4W1-056 was obtained by means of crossing, backcrossing and selfing, which has desirable plant type, strong tillering ability, good lodging resistance for stocky stems, excellent appearance quality and preliminarily stable in agronomic traits. Sixty-six plants selected from 4W1-056 were clustered into three groups based on the results from phylogenetic analyses. The base substitution rate among cluster Ⅰ, Ⅱ and cluster Ⅲ was 0.1398, and that between cluster I and Ⅱ was 0.0662. The base substitution rate within any of these clusters was 0, which suggested that there were no genetic differences among individual plants within the same cluster. Cluster II was designated ZY56 as a new line based on its agronomic traits and rice qualities, and its appearance quality is better than that of 4W1-056, with a chalkiness score of 0.9, which is closer to the appearance quality performance of Ezhong 5. ZY56 and its original parents were detected using 8K RICE SNP chips, the results showed that 14.13% of ZY56’s chromosome segments were from Jianzhen 2 and 85.87% were from Ezhong 5, Chip detection further showed that most of the genes in ZY56 originated from Ezhong 5, and verified the selection results after crossing, backcrossing and selfing. The minimum effective accumulated temperature needed for basic vegetative growth in ZY56 was 760.5℃, the critical light length for reproductive growth was 14 h 13 min, and the effective accumulated temperature needed for panicle differentiation was above 711.5℃. The results of quality analyses from experiments at different sowing dates showed that ZY56 responded to light length significantly weaker than Ezhong 5, its photosensitivity was weak and growth was stable, which was conducive to the development of rice qualities, and the rice qualities of ZY56 were more stable than Ezhong 5. 【Conclusion】We proposed a new method for the selection in higher generations of a germplasm development program, in which high-throughput SNP genotyping technology was used to screen plants for genetic consistency, and eventually to find out the strains that conform to breeding targets. This method overcame the difficulty in the selection for agronomic traits by means of traditional pedigree in advanced generations, and circumvented the problems that similar types of strains were repeatedly selected and different types were missed. The method saved efforts of selection in higher generations, while increased the efficiency of selection, so it had value of popularization.

Key words: rice, germplasm improvement, resources evaluation

DongFeng QIU,PingJuan GE,Gang LIU,JinSong YANG,JianGuo CHEN,ZaiJun ZHANG. Breeding and Evaluation of Elite Rice Line ZY56[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1081-1091.

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品种 Variety	播始历期 Duration from seedling to heading (d)	单株穗数 Spike number per plant	株高 Plant height (cm)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	长/宽 Length/width ratio	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)
鉴真2号 Jianzhen 2	102	12.6	104.2	78.7	23.7	34.5	3.1	10.0	1.0	67
鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	103	10.1	117.9	76.6	24.0	26.3	3.6	0.0	0.0	83

类群 Cluster	叶色 Leaf color	全生育期 Entire growth period(d)	出糙率 Husked rice yield (%)	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)
Ⅰ	浅绿 Light green	137	78.1	8	2.1	12.6	88
Ⅱ	浅绿 Light green	134	78.4	4	0.9	13.8	79
Ⅲ	深绿 Light green	136	76.5	9	2.6	13.0	84

年份地点 Year and site	播种期（月/日） Sowing date (M/D)	始穗期（月/日） Initial heading date (M/D)	播始历期 Duration from seedling to heading (d)	总积温 Total accumulated temperature (℃)	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃)	基本营养生长期 Basic vegetative growth period(d)	基本营养生长有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature of basic vegetative growth (℃)	幼穗分化日 Date of spike differentiation (M/D)	幼穗分化临界光照时长 Critical day length for spike differentiation	幼穗分化期积温 Accumulated temperature in spike differentiation period (℃)
2017荆州 2017 Jingzhou	05/08	08/16	101	2772.0	1560.0	68	945.5	07/15	13 h 56 min	1010.5
2017武汉 2017 Wuhan	05/09	08/11	95	2583.0	1443.0	62	818.0	07/10	14 h 00 min	1021.0
2017武汉 2017 Wuhan	05/20	08/23	96	2672.5	1520.5	63	920.5	07/22	13 h 50 min	996.0
2017武穴 2017 Wuxue	05/18	08/24	98	2750.5	1550.5	67	964.0	07/24	13 h 45 min	982.5
	05/30	09/03	96	2696.0	1532.0	64	992.5	08/02	13 h 33 min	935.5
	06/12	09/11	92	2569.5	1465.5	59	966.0	08/11	13 h 20 min	895.5
2018枣阳 2018 Zaoyang	04/18	08/04	109	2832.5	1524.5	76	929.0	07/03	14 h 13 min	991.5
2018武汉 2018 Wuhan	05/14	08/22	101	2882.0	1670.0	68	1044.0	07/21	13 h 51 min	1022.0
2018荆州 2018 Jingzhou	05/16	08/23	100	2818.0	1618.0	67	1003.5	07/22	13 h 51 min	1010.5
2018江夏 2018 Jiangxia	05/25	08/20	88	2542.0	1486.0	55	853.0	07/19	13 h 52 min	1029.0
2018陵水 2018 Lingshui	05/09	07/31	84	2435.0	1427.0	51	872.0	06/29	13 h 14 min	951.0
	11/27	03/21	115	2492.0	1112.0	85	760.5	02/20	11 h 37 min	711.5
	12/01	03/31	121	2631.5	1179.5	91	827.5	03/02	11 h 47 min	712.0

品种 Variety	播种期（月/日） Sowing date (M/D)	始穗期（月/日） Initial heading date (M/D)	国标等级 National standard grade	出糙率 Husked rice yield (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice yield (%)	粒长 Grain length (mm)	长/宽比 Length/width ratio	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness Degree (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	碱消值级 Alkali spreading value
鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	05/18	08/23	优1 You 1	82.5	74.3	62.2	7.3	3.6	6	1.2	14.6	69	6.5
ZY56	05/18	08/25	/	78.5	71.4	63.9	7.2	3.6	11	2.9	13.6	80	6.3
鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	05/30	08/25	/	79.9	72.8	64.7	7.2	3.4	6	1.2	13.8	73	7.0
ZY56	05/30	09/01	优1 You 1	75.2	68.1	63.1	7.2	3.6	4	1.0	14.5	70	6.7
鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	06/12	08/31	优2 You 2	68.5	65.0	56.6	7.2	3.5	13	3.0	16.2	55	6.5
ZY56	06/12	09/12	优1 You 1	76.8	70.3	59.6	7.3	3.7	4	1.4	15.5	60	7.0

播种期（月/日） Sowing date(M/D)	品种 Variety	崩解值 Breakdown (RVU)	峰值 Peak (RVU)	谷值 Trough (RVU)	终值 Final (RVU)	回冷值 Setback (RVU)
05/18	鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	42.25	144.21	102.96	217.88	114.92
05/18	ZY56	43.92	138.38	94.46	208.75	41.58
05/30	鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	58.67	167.63	108.96	229.79	84.25
05/30	ZY56	60.92	173.71	112.79	228.13	117.70
06/12	鄂中5号 Ezhong 5	81.63	200.38	118.75	236.30	127.04
06/12	ZY56	76.71	189.88	113.17	232.92	119.75

Breeding and Evaluation of Elite Rice Line ZY56

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