Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 980-991.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Straw Addition on Soil Biological N2-Fixation Rate and Diazotroph Community Properties

Xu LI(),WeiLing DONG,ALin SONG,YanLing LI,YuQiu LU,EnZhao WANG,XiongDuo LIU,Meng WANG,FenLiang FAN()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-06-21 Accepted:2020-12-16 Online:2021-03-01 Published:2021-03-09
  • Contact: FenLiang FAN E-mail:82101185083@caas.cn;fanfenliang@caas.cn

RichHTML

47

PDF

874

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different straw additions on soil N2-fixation rate and diazotroph community structure, which was crucial for the management of crop residue and mineral fertilizer application in China.【Method】Using indoor incubation experiment, in addition to the control (C0: 0), a total of 5 straw addition gradients (C1: 0.2 mg·g-1; C2: 1.0 mg·g-1; C3: 2.0 mg·g-1; C4: 4.0 mg·g-1; C5: 10.0 mg·g-1), using the 15N2 labeling method, and soil samples were collected after 28 days of incubation in dark conditions. As a direct measure of N2-fixation,15N2 gas labeling method could quantify the rate of biological N2-fixation, and destined for characterization of nifH gene marker and diazotroph community by using the Illumina PE250 sequencing and PCR techniques. 【Result】With the increase of straw addition, the content of NO3--N in soil decreased significantly, while the content of NH4+-N did not change significantly. The pH of soil decreased and the rate of biological N2-fixation increased significantly. C3, C4 and C5 treatments could reach 2.71-3.05 μg N·g-1DW during the incubation period (28 d), which was about 87-96 kg N·hm-2·a-1, compared with C0, the rate of biological N2-fixation increased by 38.1%-52.4%. The copy number of nifH gene ranged from 5.48×107 to 9.20×107 copies/(g soil) under all treatments. Compared with C0, the copy number of nifH gene was significantly increased under C4 and C5 treatments, and the number and activity of diazotroph were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, when the amount of straw added reached 4.0 mg·g -1, increasing the amount of straw had no significant effect on the copy number of nifH gene of soil diazotroph. With the increase of straw addition, Shannon-Weill index of C4 and C5 levels was significantly lower than that of the other four treatments (P<0.05), and the diversity of the other four treatments had no significant difference. The result of PCoA showed that diazotroph community structure was clustered into different groups depending upon the difference of straw addition. Diazotroph were divided into Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes at the phylum level. As the amount of straw added increases, the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria tends to increase first and then decrease. At the genus level, there were significant differences in the number of carbon sources among different species. Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant genus. With the increase of straw addition, the relative abundance of C5 was significantly different from that of C0, C1, C2 and C3 (P<0.05), increasing by 12.07%-14.13%. The relative abundance of Scytonema hofmanni, which was positively correlated with the rate of biological N2-fixation, gradually increases with the increase of straw addition, but decreased when straw addition reaches C5 level (P<0.05). Meanwhile, PLS-PM analysis, RDA and correlation analysis revealed that the rate of biological N2-fixation and soil diazotroph community were greatly affected by straw addition and soil NO3--N concentration. 【Conclusion】The rate of soil biological N2-fixation increases with the amount of straw added. The effect of straw on N2-fixation was mainly due to the reduction of NO3--N content in the soil by straw addition, which in turn promoted the diazotroph such as Bradyrhizobium, Scytonema hofmanni and Azospirillum grow. According to the calculation results of this experiment, compared with no straw, after the straw was added (4.0 mg·g -1), the rate of biological N2-fixation could be increased by 26 kg N·hm-2·a-1, which significantly reduced the fertilizer demand.

Key words: soil diazotroph, straw returning, the rate of biological N2-fixation, 15N2 labeling method, nifH

Table 1

The physical and chemical properties and biological N2-fixation of soil different treatment"

处理
Treatment		 pH NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)		 NH4+-N
(mg·kg-1)		 TN
(g·kg-1)		 生物固氮量
Biological N2-fixation (μg N·g-1DW)
C0 7.07±0.01ab 15.33±0.26a 11.81±1.07a 1.18±0.01e 2.00±0.18d
C1 7.10±0.01a 14.44±0.14b 11.98±0.93a 1.21±0.00cd 2.25±0.05cd
C2 7.03±0.02b 13.80±0.09c 11.53±0.77a 1.20±0.01de 2.50±0.11bc
C3 7.06±0.03ab 11.25±0.14d 11.77±0.66a 1.24±0.01b 2.78±0.10ab
C4 6.96±0.03c 5.97±0.30e 11.13±0.14a 1.23±0.00bc 2.71±0.15ab
C5 6.93±0.03c 3.46±0.24f 11.85±0.81a 1.28±0.00a 3.05±0.13a

Fig. 1

Diazotroph community structure assessed by principal coordinate analysis (A), nifH gene copy number (B) and Shannon-Wiener index (C) of soil diazotroph (>1%); Relative abundance of phylum (%) (D), relative abundance (%) of most abundant genera (>1%) (E) under different straw additions Values followed by different letters means significant differences in different straw additions (P<0.05), * Mean P<0.05"

Table 2

The correlations between environmental factors and abundance, diversity and N2-fixation rate of soil diazotroph community"

nifH基因拷贝数
nifH copy numbers		 固氮速率
N2-fixation rate		 香农-威尔指数
Shannon-Wiener index
R P R P R P
秸秆添加Straw addition 0.708 0.000 0.804 0.000 -0.634 0.002
NO3--N -0.737 0.000 -0.828 0.000 0.621 0.002
NH4+-N -0.166 0.508 0.019 0.929 0.054 0.851
TN 0.483 0.027 0.598 0.003 -0.340 0.144
pH -0.623 0.002 -0.410 0.073 0.678 0.001

Fig. 2

Redundancy analysis (A) of the diazotroph community structure affected by physicochemical variables and PLS-PM analysis (B) ***, **, * mean P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively. The same as Fig.3"

Fig. 3

Spearman correlation analysis between relative abundance of diazotroph genera and soil physicochemical variables and N2-fixation rate"

[1] VITOUSEK P M, MENGE D N, REED S C, CLEVELAND C C. Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2013,368(1621):20130119.
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0119
[2] CLEVELAND C C, TOWNSEND A R, SCHIMEL D S, FISHER H, HOWARTH R W, HEDIN L O, PERAKIS S S, LATTY E F, VON FISCHER J C, ELSEROAD A, WASSON M F, Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in natural ecosystems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1999,13(2):623-645.
doi: 10.1029/1999GB900014
[3] GALLOWAY J N, TOWNSEND A R, ERISMAN J W, BEKUNDA M, CAI Z, FRENEY J R, MARTINELLI L A, SEITZINGER S P, SUTTON M A. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science, 2008,320(5878):889-892.
doi: 10.1126/science.1136674 pmid: 18487183
[4] HERRIDGE D F, PEOPLES M B, BODDEY R M. Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems. Plant and Soil, 2008,311(1/2):1-18.
doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9668-3
[5] LADHA J K, TIROL-PADRE A, REDDY C K, CASSMAN K G, VERMA S, POWLSON D S, VAN KESSEL C, DE B R D, CHAKRABORTY D, PATHAK H. Global nitrogen budgets in cereals: A 50-year assessment for maize, rice, and wheat production systems. Scientific Reports, 2016,6(1):1-9.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-016-0001-8 pmid: 28442746
[6] ROPER M M, GUPTA V V S R. Enhancing non-symbiotic N2 fixation in agriculture. The Open Agriculture Journal, 2016,10(1):7-27.
doi: 10.2174/1874331501610010007
[7] GOOD A G, BEATTY P H. Fertilizing nature: a tragedy of excess in the commons. PLoS Biology, 2011,9(8):e1001124.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001124 pmid: 21857803
[8] ZENG J, LIU X J, SONG L, LIN X G, ZHANG H Y, SHEN C C, CHU H Y. Nitrogen fertilization directly affects soil bacterial diversity and indirectly affects bacterial community composition. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2016,92:41-49.
doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018
[9] BEATTY P H, GOOD A G. Plant science. Future prospects for cereals that fix nitrogen. Science, 2011,333(6041):416-417.
doi: 10.1126/science.1209090 pmid: 21778391
[10] 杨滨娟, 黄国勤, 钱海燕. 秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤温度、根际微生物及酶活性的影响. 土壤学报, 2014,51(1):150-157.
YANG B J, HUANG G Q, QIAN H Y. Effects of straw incorporation plus chemical fertilizer on soil temperature, root micro-organisms and enzyme activities. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2014,51(1):150-157. (in Chinese)
[11] GUPTA V V S R, ROPER M M, ROGET D K. Potential for non-symbiotic N2-fixation in different agroecological zones of southern Australia. Soil Research, 2006,44(4):343-354.
doi: 10.1071/SR05122
[12] 赵亚丽, 郭海斌, 薛志伟, 穆心愿, 李潮海. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量、酶活性及作物产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2015,26(6):1785-1792.
ZHAO Y L, GUO H B, XUE Z W, MU X Y, LI C H. Effects of tillage and straw returning on microorganism quantity,enzyme activities in soils and grain yield. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015,26(6):1785-1792. (in Chinese)
[13] 潘剑玲, 代万安, 尚占环, 郭瑞英. 秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展. 中国生态农业学报, 2013,21(5):526-535.
PAN J L, DAI W A, SHANG Z H, GUO R Y. Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013,21(5):526-535. (in Chinese)
[14] NELSON D R, MELE P M. The impact of crop residue amendments and lime on microbial community structure and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the wheat rhizosphere. Soil Research, 2006,44(4):319-329.
doi: 10.1071/SR06022
[15] HSU S F, BUCKLEY D H. Evidence for the functional significance of diazotroph community structure in soil. The ISME Journal, 2009,3(1):124-136.
doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.82 pmid: 18769458
[16] TENG Q, SUN B, FU X, LI S, CUI Z, CAO H. Analysis of nifH gene diversity in red soil amended with manure in Jiangxi, South China. The Journal of Microbiology, 2009,47(2):135-141.
pmid: 19412595
[17] LINDSAY E A, COLLOFF M J, GIBB N L, WAKELIN S A. The abundance of microbial functional genes in grassy woodlands is influenced more by soil nutrient enrichment than by recent weed invasion or livestock exclusion. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010,76(16):5547-5555.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.03054-09 pmid: 20601513
[18] REED S C, CLEVELAND C C, TOWNSEND A R. Functional ecology of free-living nitrogen fixation: A contemporary perspective. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2011,42(1):489-512.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145034
[19] REED S C, TOWNSEND A R, CLEVELAND C C, NEMERGUT D R. Microbial community shifts influence patterns in tropical forest nitrogen fixation. Oecologia, 2010,164(2):521-531.
pmid: 20454976
[20] WAKELIN S A, GUPTA V V S R, FORRESTER S T. Regional and local factors affecting diversity, abundance and activity of free-living, N2-fixing bacteria in Australian agricultural soils. Pedobiologia, 2010,53(6):391-399.
doi: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2010.08.001
[21] ROPER M. Field measurements of nitrogenase activity in soils amended with wheat straw. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1983,34(6):725-739.
doi: 10.1071/AR9830725
[22] PÉREZ C A, CARMONA M R, ARMESTO J J. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation during leaf litter decomposition in an old-growth temperate rain forest of Chiloé Island, southern Chile: Effects of singleversusmixed species litter. Austral Ecology, 2010,35(2):148-156.
doi: 10.1111/aec.2010.35.issue-2
[23] CUSACK D F, SILVER W, MCDOWELL W H. Biological nitrogen fixation in two tropical forests: ecosystem-level patterns and effects of nitrogen fertilization. Ecosystems, 2009,12(8):1299-1315.
doi: 10.1007/s10021-009-9290-0
[24] WAKELIN S A, COLLOFF M J, HARVEY P R, MARSCHNER P, GREGG A L, ROGERS S L. The effects of stubble retention and nitrogen application on soil microbial community structure and functional gene abundance under irrigated maize. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2007,59(3):661-670.
doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00235.x pmid: 17116166
[25] FORBES M, BROOS K, BALDOCK J, GREGG A, WAKELIN S. Environmental and edaphic drivers of bacterial communities involved in soil N-cycling. Soil Research, 2009,47(4):380-388.
doi: 10.1071/SR08126
[26] POLY F, RANJARD L, NAZARET S, GOURBIERE F, MONROZIER L J. Comparison of nifH gene pools in soils and soil microenvironments with contrasting properties. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2001,67(5):2255-2262.
pmid: 11319109
[27] TANAKA H, KYAW K M, TOYOTA K, MOTOBAYASHI T. Influence of application of rice straw, farmyard manure, and municipal biowastes on nitrogen fixation, soil microbial biomass N, and mineral N in a model paddy microcosm. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2005,42(6):501-505.
[28] ROPER M M, SMITH N A. Straw decomposition and nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) by free-living microorganisms from soil: Effects of pH and clay content. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1991,23(3):275-283.
[29] KEELING A A, COOK J A, WILCOX A. Effects of carbohydrate application on diazotroph populations and nitrogen availability in grass swards established in garden waste compost. Bioresource Technology, 1998,66(2):89-97.
[30] ROPER M M, TURPIN J E, THOMPSON J P. Nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) by free-living bacteria in soil in a long-term tillage and stubble management experiment on a vertisol. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1994,26(8):1087-1091.
[31] UNKOVICH M, BALDOCK J. Measurement of asymbiotic N2 fixation in Australian agriculture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008,40(12):2915-2921.
[32] KEUTER A, VELDKAMP E, CORRE M D. Asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in a temperate grassland as affected by management practices. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014,70:38-46.
[33] CHALK P M, HE J Z, PEOPLES M B, CHEN D. 15N2 as a tracer of biological N2 fixation: A 75-year retrospective. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2017,106:36-50.
[34] GABY J C, BUCKLEY D H. A comprehensive evaluation of PCR primers to amplify the nifH gene of nitrogenase. PLoS ONE, 2012,7(7):e42149.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042149 pmid: 22848735
[35] FAN F, YIN C, TANG Y, LI Z, SONG A, WAKELIN S A, ZOU J, LIANG Y. Probing potential microbial coupling of carbon and nitrogen cycling during decomposition of maize residue by 13C-DNA- SIP. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014,70:12-21.
[36] DABUNDO R, LEHMANN M F, TREIBERGS L, TOBIAS C R, ALTABET M A, MOISANDER P H, GRANGER J. The contamination of commercial 15N2 gas stocks with 15N-labeled nitrate and ammonium and consequences for nitrogen fixation measurements. PLoS ONE, 2014,9(10):e110335.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110335 pmid: 25329300
[37] OHYAMA T, KUMAZAWA K. A simple method for the preparation, purification and storage of 15N2 gas for biological nitrogen fixation studies. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1981,27(2):263-265.
[38] GABY J C, RISHISHWAR L, VALDERRAMA-AGUIRRE L C, GREEN S J, VALDERRAMA-AGUIRRE A, JORDAN I K, KOSTKA J E. Diazotroph community characterization via a high-throughput nifH amplicon sequencing and analysis pipeline. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2018,84(4):e01512-17.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.01512-17 pmid: 29180374
[39] HERBOLD C W, PELIKAN C, KUZYK O, HAUSMANN B, ANGEL R, BERRY D, LOY A. A flexible and economical barcoding approach for highly multiplexed amplicon sequencing of diverse target genes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2015,6:731.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00731 pmid: 26236305
[40] VAITOMAA J, RANTALA A, HALINEN K, ROUHIAINEN L, TALLBERG P, MOKELKE L, SIVONEN K. Quantitative real-time PCR for determination of microcystin synthetase e copy numbers for microcystis and anabaena in lakes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003,69(12):7289-7297.
doi: 10.1128/aem.69.12.7289-7297.2003 pmid: 14660378
[41] 苟永刚, 余玲玲, 许霞, 王建武. DNA-SIP鉴定甘蔗//大豆间作土壤15N-DNA富集位置的氮循环功能基因qPCR方法. 农业环境科学学报, 2019,38(1):140-147.
GOU Y G, XU L L, XU X, WANG J W. Identification of 15N-DNA enrichment sites in DNA-SIP to reveal functional genes by qPCR from sugarcanesoybean intercropping soil. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2019,38(1):140-147. (in Chinese)
[42] GABY J C, BUCKLEY D H. A comprehensive aligned nifH gene database: a multipurpose tool for studies of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Database, 2014, 2014: bau001. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bau001.
doi: 10.1093/database/baaa102 pmid: 33306802
[43] WAKELIN S A, GREGG A L, SIMPSON R J, LI G D, RILEY I T, MCKAY A C. Pasture management clearly affects soil microbial community structure and N-cycling bacteria. Pedobiologia, 2009,52(4):237-251.
[44] TANG Y, ZHANG M, CHEN A, ZHANG W, WEI W, SHENG R. Impact of fertilization regimes on diazotroph community compositions and N2-fixation activity in paddy soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2017,247:1-8.
[45] LIAO H, LI Y, YAO H. Fertilization with inorganic and organic nutrients changes diazotroph community composition and N-fixation rates. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2017,18(3):1076-1086.
[46] SCHUTTER M, DICK R. Shifts in substrate utilization potential and structure of soil microbial communities in response to carbon substrates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001,33(11):1481-1491.
[47] HALSALL D M, TURNER G L, GIBSON A H. Straw and xylan utilization by pure cultures of nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1985,49(2):423-428.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.49.2.423-428.1985 pmid: 16346730
[48] BRANT J B, SULZMAN E W, MYROLD D D. Microbial community utilization of added carbon substrates in response to long-term carbon input manipulation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006,38(8):2219-2232.
doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.022
[49] ANTOUN H, BEAUCHAMP C J, GOUSSARD N, CHABOT R, LALANDE R. Potential of rhizobium and bradyrhizobium species as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on non-legumes: effect on radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Molecular Microbial Mcology of the Soil, 1998,204:57-67.
[50] BURGER M, JACKSON L E. Microbial immobilization of ammonium and nitrate in relation to ammonification and nitrification rates in organic and conventional cropping systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003,35(1):29-36.
doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00233-X
[51] ZHAO Y, WANG M, HU S, ZHANG X, OUYANG Z, ZHANG G, HUANG B, ZHAO S, WU J, XIE D, ZHU B, YU D, PAN X, XU S, SHI X. Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2018,115(16):4045-4050.
[1] XU YangHaoJun, CHEN LiMing, YANG ShiQi, TANG YiFan, TAN XueMing, ZENG YongJun, PAN XiaoHua, ZENG YanHua. Effects of Long-Term Different Straw Returning Methods on Soil Organic Carbon, Nutrients and Aggregate Formation in Different Soil Layers of Double Cropping Rice Field [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1492-1506.
[2] ZHANG HuanHuan, ZHANG DiaoLiang, WANG XiaoLi, CHEN Han, SHAO Juan, YIN Wen, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, FAN ZhiLong. Effects of Green Manure and Wheat Straw Combined Returning Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Spring Wheat Under Reduced Nitrogen Levels [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(17): 3461-3472.
[3] MA YuJie, LI Xu, ZHAI YingFang, LI JingYu, FU Xin, PENG ZhengPing. Effects of Straw Returning Methods and Nitrogen Application Rates on Soil Organic Carbon Components and Enzyme Activity [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2397-2410.
[4] SUN Yue, REN KeYu, ZOU HongQin, GAO HongJun, ZHANG ShuiQing, LI DeJin, LI BingJie, LIAO ChuQian, DUAN YingHua, XU MingGang. Effect of Long-Term Straw Returning on the Soil Organic Carbon Bound to Iron Oxides in Black Soil and Fluvo-Aquic Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3823-3834.
[5] LIU YaJie, ZHANG TianJiao, ZHANG XiangQian, LU ZhanYuan, LIU ZhanYong, CHENG YuChen, WU Di, LI JinLong. Effects of Tillage Methods Under Straw Returning on the Labile Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Pool Management Index in Black Soil Farmland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(17): 3408-3423.
[6] YANG LiDa, PENG XinYue, ZHU WenXue, ZHAO Jing, YUAN XiaoTing, LIN Ping, LUO Kai, LI YiLing, LUO ChunMing, LI YuZe, YANG WenYu, YONG TaiWen. Effects of Straw Returning and Irrigation Methods on Seedling Emergence and Growth in Soybean and Maize Strip Intercropping [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(17): 3366-3383.
[7] MA ShengLan, KUANG FuHong, LIN HongYu, CUI JunFang, TANG JiaLiang, ZHU Bo, PU QuanBo. Effects of Straw Incorporation Quantity on Soil Physical Characteristics of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System in the Central Hilly Area of Sichuan Basin [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(7): 1344-1358.
[8] YANG JianJun, GAI Hao, ZHANG MengXuan, CAI YuRong, WANG LiYan, WANG LiGang. Effect of Subsoiling Combined with Straw Returning Measure on Pore Structure of Black Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(5): 892-906.
[9] GUO RongBo, LI GuoDong, PAN MengYu, ZHENG XianFeng, WANG ZhaoHui, HE Gang. Effects of Long-Term Straw Return and Nitrogen Application Rate on Organic Carbon Storage, Components and Aggregates in Cultivated Layers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(20): 4035-4048.
[10] XIE Xue, LU YanHong, LIAO YuLin, NIE Jun, ZHANG JiangLin, SUN YuTao, CAO WeiDong, GAO YaJie. Effects of Returning Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw to Replace Partial Fertilizers on Double Season Rice Yield and Soil Labile Organic Carbon [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3585-3598.
[11] WANG YongLiang, XU ZiHang, LI Shen, LIANG ZheMing, XUE XiaoRong, BAI Ju, YANG ZhiPing. Straw Returning and Post-Silking Irrigating Improve the Grain Yield and Utilization of Water and Nitrogen of Spring Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3599-3614.
[12] LI Jin, REN LiJun, LI XiaoYu, BI RunXue, JIN XinXin, YU Na, ZHANG YuLing, ZOU HongTao, ZHANG YuLong. Effects of Different Straw Returning Patterns on Soil CO2 Emission and Carbon Balance in Maize Field [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2738-2750.
[13] ZHAO ZhengXin,WANG XiaoYun,TIAN YaJie,WANG Rui,PENG Qing,CAI HuanJie. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Future Climate Change [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 104-117.
[14] LIU ShuJun,LI DongChu,HUANG Jing,LIU LiSheng,WU Ding,LI ZhaoQuan,WU YuanFan,ZHANG HuiMin. Effects of Straw Returning and Potassium Fertilizer on Soil Aggregate and Potassium Distribution Under Rapeseed-Rice Rotation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(23): 4651-4663.
[15] WANG Liang,LIU YuanYuan,QIAN Xin,ZHANG Hui,DAI HongCui,LIU KaiChang,GAO YingBo,FANG ZhiJun,LIU ShuTang,LI ZongXin. The Single Season Wheat Straw Returning to Promote the Synergistic Improvement of Carbon Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Wheat- Maize Double Cropping System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 350-364.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd