小麦、玉米两熟秸秆还田土壤中6种有机酸对小麦纹枯病的化感作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.15.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Double cropping of winter wheat and summer maize is the most extensive farming system in northern China. Straw returning has been widely used in wheat and maize production. But, the effect of straw returning on the occurrence of soil borne diseases of wheat has been controversial. The objective of this study is to analyze the main chemical constituents in the cultivated-layer soil with different straw returning years and the allelopathic effects of the main organic acids on the growth of wheat seedlings, the mycelium growth and sclerotia formation of Rhizoctonia cerealis and occurrence of wheat sheath blight (WSB), and to understand the relationship between straw returning and WSB incidence.【Method】Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used to analyze the types and contents of chemical substances in the extract of ethyl acetate from the cultivated soil where maize straw returning, and the effects of 6 organic acids with higher content on the root activity, root cell membrane permeability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity of wheat seedlings were determined with the TTC reduction, electrical conductivity, NBT photoreduction and guaiacol colorimetry methods, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of these organic acids on the mycelium growth, sclerotium formation and occurrence of WSB were determined by the conventional methods.【Result】The relative contents of organic acids, alkanes, alcohols, amides, and aldehydes in the cultivated-layer soil and straw returning were 45.45%, 17.70%, 17.08%, 6.12%, and 5.44%, respectively. Organic acids mainly included o-hydroxybenzoic acid (9.24%), 3-phenyl-2-acrylic acid (4.12%), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3.21%), 4-hydroxy-3,5- dimethoxybenzoic acid (2.26%), heneicosanoic acid (1.88%), 4-methoxy-anthranilic acid (1.73%), 8-octadecanoic acid (0.76%) and 3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid (0.52%). 4-methoxy-anthranilic acid and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid at 0.08-10.0 μg·mL^-1had significant promoting effects on mycelial growth (expect 4-methoxy-anthranilic acid at 10.0 μg·mL^-1), dry weight and sclerotium formation of R. cerealis, and the relative content of the two substances increased with the extension of straw returning years. O-hydroxybenzoic acid significantly promoted mycelial growth and sclerotia formation of R. cerealis at 0.4 and 0.08 μg·mL^-1. In contrast, 50.0 μg·mL^-1 of o-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxyl-3-methoxy-benzoic acid, and 0.4-50.0 μg·mL^-1 of benzoic acid all showed inhibitory effects. All 6 organic acids at concentrations of 2.0-5.0 μg·mL^-1 inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was the strongest, followed by o-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-methoxy-anthranilic acid was the weakest. 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid, 4-methoxyanthranilic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid at concentrations of 0.4-50.0 μg·mL^-1 aggravated the occurrence of WSB. 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid had the strongest enhancing effect, with the incidence and disease index increased by 49.0% and 46.7%, respectively. Benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-benzoic acid had no significant effect on the occurrence of WSB.【Conclusion】Organic acids, esters, hydrocarbons, amides, and aldehydes were found in the cultivated-layer soil in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping straw returning system. Organic acids were the most abundant of those chemicals. 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid, 4-methoxyanthranilic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid at a certain concentration can promote the occurrence of WSB. 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid has the strongest stimulatory effect, while benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid have no effect on the occurrence of WSB. Allelopathic effects of organic acids in the cultivated-layer soil, including the promotion on pathogen growth and inhibition on physiological activity and growth of wheat roots, may be one of the main reasons for the serious occurrence of WSB in the straw returning region in northern China.

Key words: straw returning, wheat sheath blight, Rhizoctonia cerealis, GC-MS, allelopathy, organic acid

ZHAO XuSheng,QI YongZhi,YAN CuiMei,ZHEN WenChao. Allelopathy of Six Organic Acids on Wheat Sheath Blight in the Soil of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Double Cropping Straw Returning System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(15): 3095-3107.

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Organic substances detected in ethyl acetate extracts of soil collected in different years"

保留时间^a Retention time (min)	化合物名称^b Compound name	峰面积^cArea (%)
保留时间^a Retention time (min)	化合物名称^b Compound name	2012	2015	2018	平均Average
6.33	间二甲苯Xylene	0.83	0.92	1.02	0.92
6.49	N-乙基乙酰胺N-ethyl-acetamide	7.33	8.04	9.03	8.13
6.72	苯酚Phenol	-	0.25	0.31	0.28
7.34	N,N-二乙基甲酰胺N,N-diethyl formamide	1.31	0.45	1.61	1.12
7.57	2,3-二甲基环氮乙烷2,3-dimethyl-ring nitrogen oxide	1.51	1.68	1.86	1.68
7.97	碳酸Carbonic acid	1.07	1.19	1.32	1.19
8.24	N,N-二乙基乙酰胺N,N-diethyl acetamide	4.31	4.78	5.31	4.80
8.78	N-乙基丙胺N-ethyl-propylamine	0.61	-	0.75	0.68
9.23	2-甲氧基苯酚2-methoxyphenol	1.93	1.14	2.38	1.82
10.33	己酸Hexanoate	1.57	1.74	1.93	1.75
10.57	2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone	0.23	0.26	0.20	0.23
12.97	苯并噻唑Benzothiazole	0.25	0.28	0.31	0.28
13.76	3,5-二甲基苯甲醛3,5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde	6.83	7.58	7.42	7.28
14.23	对羟基苯甲酸P-hydroxybenzoic acid	3.11	3.20	3.31	3.21
15.36	邻羟基苯甲酸O-hydroxybenzoic acid	8.29	9.20	10.22	9.24
15.89	十四烷Tetradecane	0.23	0.26	0.08	0.19
16.13	3-羟基- 4-甲氧基-苯甲醛 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde	0.13	0.14	-	0.14
17.77	4-羟基- 3-甲氧基-苄基醇 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl alcohol	0.15	0.17	0.18	0.17
19.87	二十一烷酸Heneicosanoic acid	1.87	2.14	1.63	1.88
20.20	4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid	0.85	0.94	1.05	0.95
20.37	2,3,8-三甲基萘2,3,8-trimethylnaphtho	0.37	0.41	0.16	0.31
20.92	2,6,10-三甲基十五烷2,6,10-trimethyl-pentadecane	1.21	-	1.49	1.35
21.86	4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid	2.03	2.25	2.50	2.26
22.80	1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-乙酮1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanone	0.73	0.41	0.90	0.68
23.78	3-苯基-2-丙烯酸3-phenyl-2-acrylic acid	3.60	4.10	4.66	4.12
23.82	3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid	0.30	0.42	0.83	0.52
25.57	2-氨基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸2-amino-5-methoxybenzoic acid	0.92	1.02	1.13	1.02
25.71	6-甲氧基-2-苯并恶唑酮6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolone	0.71	0.49	0.87	0.69
26.81	2-甲基戊基-邻苯二甲酸异二丁酯2-methyl-pentyl-isobutylphthalate dibutyl	5.77	6.11	7.11	6.33
27.28	9-十六碳烯酸Palmitoleic acid	0.35	0.39	0.43	0.39
27.63	三十一烷Hentriacontane	0.47	0.52	0.58	0.52
28.27	8-十八碳烯酸8-octadecenoic acid	0.65	0.75	0.87	0.76
29.75	三十四烷Thirty-four alkyl	9.34	10.37	11.51	10.41
32.21	乙酸三十酯Thirty acetate ester	-	0.26	0.28	0.27
32.35	三十六烷Thirty-six alkyl	0.14	-	0.16	0.15
32.62	甲酸癸酯Carboxylic acid decyl ester	8.75	9.41	8.18	8.78
33.79	四十三烷Forty-three alkyl	0.22	0.24	0.27	0.24
34.76	十九酸Nineteen acid	0.25	0.18	0.31	0.25
34.88	4-甲氧基邻氨基苯甲酸4-methoxy-anthranilic acid	1.72	1.73	1.75	1.73
36.69	邻苯二甲酸二丁酯Dibutyl phthalate	6.25	6.44	7.70	6.80
36.87	二十七醇Twenty-seven alcohol	0.23	-	0.28	0.26
37.79	邻苯二甲酸异戊酯Isopentyl acetate phthalate	0.61	0.48	0.75	0.61

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of 6 organic acids on mycelium growth and sclerotium formation of R. cerealis"

有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	菌落直径 Diameter of colony (cm)		菌丝干重 Dry weight of mycelium (g per dish)		菌核数 Number of sclerotium (per dish)		菌核干重 Dry weight of sclerotium (mg per dish)
有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	Mean±SD	RI	Mean±SD	RI	Mean±SD	RI	Mean±SD	RI
邻羟基苯甲酸 O-hydroxybenzoic acid	50.0	3.4±0.1d	-0.11	0.41±0.20c	-0.07	20.6±1.2d	-0.10	13.9±0.6c	-0.05
	10.0	3.8±0.1c	0.00	0.50±0.10ab	0.12	21.6±1.3cd	-0.06	14.8±0.5ab	0.01
	2.0	3.9±0.1b	0.03	0.51±0.10a	0.14	22.8±0.5c	0	15.7±1.2a	0.06
	0.4	4.0±0.2b	0.05	0.52±0.10a	0.15	25.5±0.5b	0.10	15.7±1.2a	0.06
	0.08	4.5±0.2a	0.16	0.56±0.10a	0.21	27.7±0.5a	0.17	16.5±1.3a	0.11
对羟基苯甲酸 P-hydroxybenzoic acid	50.0	3.5±0.3cd	-0.08	0.45±0.20ab	0.02	19.3±1.6de	-0.16	13.0±0.4c	-0.12
	10.0	3.6±0.2cd	-0.05	0.47±0.10ab	0.06	20.2±0.8d	-0.12	13.9±0.2c	-0.05
	2.0	3.6±0.1cd	-0.05	0.47±0.10ab	0.06	21.4±1.5d	-0.07	14.6±1.2ab	-0.01
	0.4	3.7± 0.1cd	-0.03	0.48±0.10ab	0.08	23.0±1.6c	0	14.8±1.3ab	0.01
	0.08	3.9±0.2bc	0.03	0.50±0.20a	0.12	26.1±2.0b	0.12	14.8±1.2a	0.01
苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	50.0	3.0±0.1e	-0.21	0.34±0.10d	-0.23	17.0±2.4f	-0.26	11.5±0.2d	-0.22
	10.0	3.1±0.2de	-0.18	0.41±0.10c	-0.07	17.8±2.1ef	-0.22	12.2±1.3cd	-0.17
	2.0	3.2±0.2de	-0.16	0.41±0.10c	-0.07	18.8±1.5e	-0.18	13.0±1.5c	-0.12
	0.4	3.3±0.1d	-0.13	0.41±0.20c	-0.07	20.2±1.6d	-0.12	13.0±0.5c	-0.12
	0.08	3.4±0.1d	-0.11	0.40±0.10c	-0.09	22.9±1.5c	0.00	13.2±0.3c	-0.10
3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)- 2-acrylic acid	50.0	3.9±0.2bc	0.03	0.44±0.10b	0.00	22.0±2.3d	-0.04	14.8±1.2ab	0.01
	10.0	4.0±0.1b	0.05	0.53±0.20a	0.17	24.8±1.6b	0.08	15.7±2.1a	0.06
	2.0	4.0±0.3b	0.05	0.54±0.20a	0.19	25.3±1.4b	0.09	16.8±1.5a	0.13
	0.4	4.2±0.1a	0.10	0.55±0.10a	0.20	26.1±1.5b	0.12	16.8±1.2a	0.13
	0.08	4.5±0.1a	0.16	0.57±0.20a	0.23	29.6±0.6a	0.23	17.1±1.0a	0.14
4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸 4-hydroxy-3- methoxy- benzoic acid	50.0	3.4±0.1d	-0.11	0.38±0.20cd	-0.14	19.0±0.8d	-0.17	12.8±1.0cd	-0.13
	10.0	3.5±0.2cd	-0.08	0.46±0.10b	0.04	20.9±1.3c	-0.09	13.6±0.9bc	-0.10
	2.0	3.6±0.1cd	-0.05	0.47±0.20ab	0.06	21.1±2.4c	-0.08	14.5±0.7b	-0.01
	0.4	3.7±0.1c	-0.03	0.48±0.10ab	0.08	22.6±1.6c	-0.01	14.5±0.5b	-0.01
	0.08	3.9±0.2bc	0.03	0.49±0.20ab	0.10	25.7±1.4b	0.11	14.8±0.6ab	0.01
4-甲氧基邻氨基苯甲酸 4-methoxy- anthranilic acid	50.0	3.8±0.1c	0	0.42±0.20b	-0.05	21.2±1.6d	-0.07	14.3±0.2b	-0.03
	10.0	3.9±0.1bc	0.03	0.51±0.10a	0.14	24.9±1.7b	0.08	15.2±0.4a	0.03
	2.0	4.0±0.2b	0.05	0.52±0.10a	0.15	25.5±1.5b	0.10	16.2±1.0a	0.09
	0.4	4.1±0.1b	0.07	0.53±0.10a	0.17	25.2±0.3b	0.09	16.2±1.0a	0.09
	0.08	4.3±0.2ab	0.05	0.55±0.10a	0.20	28.6±1.2a	0.20	16.5±1.2a	0.11
CK	0	3.8±0.1c		0.44±0.10b		22.9±1.6c		14.7±1.1ab

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of 6 organic acids on growth of wheat seedlings"

有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	根数 Number of root		根长 Length of root (cm)		根鲜重 Fresh weight of root (g)		地上部鲜重 Fresh weight of shoot (g)
有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	Mean±SD	RI	Mean±SD	RI	Mean±SD	RI	Mean±SD	RI
邻羟基苯甲酸 O-hydroxybenzoic acid	50.0	2.1±0.1e	-0.60	3.4±0.5j	-0.84	0.1±0g	-0.98	0j	-1.00
	10.0	2.6±0.1d	-0.51	6.4±0.6f	-0.70	0.9±0.1f	-0.84	1.9±0.1i	-0.82
	2.0	2.8±0.1d	-0.47	13.5±0.2d	-0.37	2.0±0.1e	-0.64	3.4±0.2g	-0.67
	0.4	2.9±0.1d	-0.45	17.7±0.3b	-0.17	2.0±0.2e	-0.64	5.0±0.6ef	-0.52
	0.08	3.4±0.2c	-0.36	19.7±0.4b	-0.08	3.3±0.2cd	-0.41	6.8±0.3d	-0.35
对羟基苯甲酸 P-hydroxybenzoic acid	50.0	-	-1.00	-	-1.00	-	-1.00	-	-1.00
	10.0	2.1±0.1e	-0.60	2.1±0.1j	-0.90	0.3±0.1g	-0.95	1.2±0.2i	-0.88
	2.0	2.9±0.1d	-0.45	7.8±0.4f	-0.64	1.1±0.2f	-0.80	2.1±0.1h	-0.80
	0.4	4.1±0.1b	-0.23	11.1±0.8d	-0.48	2.5±0.3e	-0.55	5.1±0.2f	-0.51
	0.08	4.2±0.1b	-0.21	18.1±0.5b	-0.15	3.1±0.2d	-0.45	6.4±0.3de	-0.38
苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	50.0	3.0±0.1cd	-0.43	9.1±1.1ef	-0.57	1.7±0.1e	-0.70	2.7±0.2h	-0.74
	10.0	3.0±0.1cd	-0.43	10.5±1.4e	-0.51	2.1±0.1e	-0.63	3.7±0.2g	-0.64
	2.0	3.2±0.1c	-0.40	15.4±0.8d	-0.28	2.2±0.1e	-0.61	5.4±0.1e	-0.48
	0.4	3.7±0.1c	-0.30	17.7±0.9c	-0.17	3.6±0.2c	-0.36	7.4±0.3d	-0.29
	0.08	4.7±0.1b	-0.11	19.7±1.1b	-0.08	4.7±0.3b	-0.16	9.2±0.4b	-0.12
3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸 3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)- 2-acrylic acid	50.0	2.8±0.1d	-0.47	8.8±0.0f	-0.59	1.0±0.0f	-0.82	2.0±0.1h	-0.81
	10.0	3.0±0.1cd	-0.43	10.4±0.1e	-0.51	2.1±0.1e	-0.63	3.7±0.1g	-0.64
	2.0	3.2±0.1cd	-0.40	12.5±0.2d	-0.42	2.2±0.1e	-0.61	5.3±0.2e	-0.49
	0.4	3.7±0.1c	-0.30	13.7±0.6cd	-0.36	3.6±0.2c	-0.36	7.4±0.2d	-0.29
	0.08	4.6±0.1b	-0.13	15.5±0.7c	-0.28	4.7±0.1b	-0.16	9.2±0.2b	-0.12
4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸 4-hydroxy-3- methoxy- benzoic acid	50.0	2.9±0.1d	-0.45	8.8±0.1f	-0.59	1.0±0.1f	-0.82	2.1±0.1h	-0.80
	10.0	3.1±0.1cd	-0.42	10.5±0.2e	-0.51	2.2±0.1e	-0.61	3.8±0.2g	-0.63
	2.0	3.3±0.1c	-0.38	12.7±0.4d	-0.41	2.3±0.1e	-0.59	5.6±0.3e	-0.46
	0.4	3.8±0.1c	-0.28	15.8±0.9c	-0.26	3.8±0.2c	-0.32	7.7±0.2c	-0.26
	0.08	4.8±0.1b	-0.09	18.8±0.4b	-0.12	4.9±0.3b	-0.13	9.6±0.2ab	-0.08
4-甲氧基邻氨基苯甲酸 4-methoxy- anthranilic acid	50.0	3.8±0.1c	-0.28	8.9±0.5f	-0.58	3.1±0.2d	-0.45	7.3±0.1d	-0.30
	10.0	3.8±0.1c	-0.28	10.6±0.7e	-0.50	3.4±0.1cd	-0.39	7.1±0.5d	-0.32
	2.0	4.6±0.1b	-0.13	14.9±0.3c	-0.30	4.5±0.1b	-0.20	8.0±0.2c	-0.23
	0.4	5.1±0.1ab	-0.04	16.1±0.5c	-0.25	5.0±0.2ab	-0.11	9.3±0.1b	-0.11
	0.08	5.2±0.1a	-0.02	19.2±0.7b	-0.10	5.3±0.3a	-0.05	10.6±0.3a	0.02
CK	0	5.3±0.1a		21.4±0.2a		5.6±0.2a		10.4±0.5a

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of 6 organic acids on physiological activity of wheat seedling roots"

有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	根活性 Root activity (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	相对电导率 Relative conductivity (%)	SOD活性 SOD activity (OD·g^-1FW)	POD活性 POD activity (U·g^-1 FW·min^-1)
邻羟基苯甲酸 O-hydroxybenzoic acid	50.0	-	-	-	-
	10.0	36.9±0.8d	89.1±3.1a	14.4±0.9c	148.7±13.3d
	2.0	52.4±1.2c	85.7±1.7a	16.5±0.5b	175.3±11.3c
	0.4	81.6±0.6b	74.5±2.4b	18.3±0.6a	226.7±10.1b
	0.08	88.8±2.0b	64.5±3.1c	20.2±2.0a	260.7±8.4a
对羟基苯甲酸 P-hydroxybenzoic acid	50.0	-	-	-	-
	10.0	37.8±0.7d	91.2±2.6a	14.5±0.8c	182.9±8.6c
	2.0	53.6±0.4c	87.7±3.5a	16.8±0.4b	228.6±5.6b
	0.4	83.5±1.2b	76.3±2.4b	16.9±0.5b	242.3±12.3b
	0.08	90.9±2.6b	66.0±2.1c	18.7±0.7a	266.8±16.4a
苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	50.0	37.2±3.2d	97.7±2.0a	15.2±1.2c	159.5±13.5d
	10.0	39.6±2.8d	95.5±3.5a	17.6±0.5b	191.6±12.6c
	2.0	56.2±0.6c	91.9±2.6a	17.7±0.3b	239.5±8.4b
	0.4	87.5±3.5b	79.9±2.7b	18.6±0.4b	243.8±10.3b
	0.08	95.2±4.5a	69.2±2.4c	21.7±0.2a	279.6±12.3a
3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 2-acrylic acid	50.0	36.4±2.3d	95.4±3.5a	14.9±0.4c	155.8±10.4d
	10.0	38.7±2.4d	93.3±2.7a	17.2±0.3b	187.2±8.6c
	2.0	54.9±3.5c	89.8±2.1a	17.3±1.2b	233.9±9.3b
	0.4	85.5±3.7b	78.1±1.8b	19.2±0.2a	248.0±11.2a
	0.08	93.0±5.4a	67.6±3.7c	21.2±0.6a	273.1±13.2a
4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸 4-hydroxy-3- methoxy- benzoic acid	50.0	38.1±3.5d	100.0±1.2a	17.6±0.4b	163.2±15.4d
	10.0	40.5±2.6d	97.8±2.5a	18.0±0.3b	196.1±20.3c
	2.0	57.5±3.5c	94.1±3.8a	18.1±0.4b	245.1±12.3b
	0.4	89.6±3.5b	81.8±10.2ab	20.1±0.3a	259.8±15.6a
	0.08	97.5±5.1a	70.8±2.5b	22.2±0.2a	286.2±17.2a
4-甲氧基邻氨基苯甲酸 4-methoxy-anthranilic acid	50.0	39.0±2.7d	102.3±3.0a	16.0±0.1c	167.1±15.4d
	10.0	41.5±1.6d	100.1±2.8a	18.4±0.3b	200.8±11.6c
	2.0	58.9±1.1c	96.3±2.7a	18.5±0.4ab	250.9±13.2b
	0.4	91.7±2.4b	83.7±3.2ab	20.6±0.2a	265.9±11.5b
	0.08	99.8±3.4a	72.5±1.5b	22.7±0.6a	292.9±13.4a
CK	0	99.5±2.9a	71.8±1.7b	21.4±0.5a	291.4±11.3a

Table 5

Table 6

Effects of 6 organic acids on occurrence of WSB of different varieties"

有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	发病率Incidence rate (%)			病情指数Disease index
有机酸 Organic acid	浓度 Concentration (μg·mL^-1)	良星66 Liangxing 66	石新 828 Shixin 828	邯6172 Han 6172	良星66 Liangxing 66	石新 828 Shixin 828	邯6172 Han 6172
邻羟基苯甲酸 O-hydroxybenzoic acid	0.08	41.3±1.2b	24.7±1.3c	27.5±1.1c	15.4±1.2c	12.2±0.4b	13.4±0.3b
	0.4	41.8±0.3b	25.8±1.4c	27.9±1.3c	16.0±0.9c	12.3±0.5b	13.5±0.4b
	2.0	41.4±1.5b	27.2±1.6bc	31.5±2.3c	17.7±0.9c	12.6±0.3b	13.4±0.5b
	10.0	42.6±0.4b	29.1±1.2b	39.7±1.5b	18.2±0.6bc	12.4±0.5b	16.9±0.3a
	50.0	44.8±2.1ab	30.1±2.1ab	42.1±1.6a	19.1±0.7a	13.6±0.7a	18.0±0.5a
对羟基苯甲酸 P-hydroxybenzoic acid	0.08	39.0±1.3b	26.2±1.3c	27.4±1.3c	14.7±0.6d	12.3±0.6c	13.1±0.5b
	0.4	39.6±1.6b	26.4±1.5c	27.5±2.1c	14.3±0.7d	12.8±0.7b	13.1±0.6b
	2.0	42.4±1.3b	27.8±2.1b	32.2±1.5c	18.1±1.1bc	12.9±0.1b	13.8±0.4b
	10.0	43.6±0.8b	29.8±2.3ab	40.6±2.1ab	18.6±0.6b	12.7±0.2b	17.3±0.5a
	50.0	45.9±0.7a	30.8±1.5a	43.1±1.8a	19.6±0.2a	13.2±0.4a	18.4±0.4a
苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	0.08	32.8±1.0d	23.8±1.4d	23.6±1.2e	14.0±0.4d	10.2±0.3d	10.1±0.5de
	0.4	34.4±1.1d	24.0±1.6d	25.2±1.3d	14.7±0.9cd	11.5±0.3c	12.0±0.6c
	2.0	33.4±1.0d	25.5±2.4c	23.0±1.6de	18.5±1.2b	12.2±0.5b	11.3±0.3c
	10.0	34.6±0.9c	24.5±1.9cd	25.6±1.2d	18.1±0.7b	12.0±0.4b	11.8±0.5c
	50.0	36.9±1.4bc	25.5±2.4c	25.1±1.4d	18.0±0.6b	12.5±0.6b	11.8±0.6c
3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯酸3-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)- 2-acrylic acid	0.08	33.6±1.4d	24.3±2.4d	24.1±1.2d	14.3±0.3d	10.4±0.4cd	10.3±0.4d
	0.4	38.2±1.2b	27.7±1.7b	28.8±1.5c	15.0±0.6c	12.8±0.3b	13.3±0.2b
	2.0	44.4±1.6ab	29.2±0.6b	33.8±1.1bc	19.0±0.4b	12.9±0.2b	14.4±0.3b
	10.0	45.7±1.5a	31.2±1.3a	42.6±1.2a	19.5±0.7a	13.3±0.4a	18.2±0.4a
	50.0	48.0±1.7a	32.3±1.4a	45.1±1.3a	20.5±0.8a	13.8±0.2a	19.3±0.4a
4-羟基-3-甲氧基- 苯甲酸 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- benzoic acid	0.08	34.4±2.3cd	24.9±1.2c	24.7±1.8d	14.7±0.6d	10.6±0.5c	11.5±0.2c
	0.4	36.0±2.1bc	25.3±0.7c	25.5±1.4d	15.4±0.7c	12.1±0.5bc	12.6±0.3c
	2.0	35.4±2.0c	24.9±1.3c	26.6±1.3cd	15.4±0.5c	12.7±0.4b	12.8±0.3c
	10.0	36.8±1.8bc	26.9±0.5c	27.6±2.1c	16.0±0.9c	12.6±0.3b	12.6±0.2c
	50.0	39.2±1.9b	26.0±0.8c	27.2±0.9c	15.5±0.5c	14.1±0.4a	12.7±0.6c
4-甲氧基邻氨基苯甲酸 4-methoxy-anthranilic acid	0.08	35.2±1.3c	25.5±0.7c	25.3±2.4d	14.5±0.3d	10.9±0.5c	10.8±0.7d
	0.4	36.9±2.1bc	29.0±1.4b	30.2±1.6c	15.7±0.9c	12.4±0.2b	12.9±0.5bc
	2.0	46.5±2.8a	30.6±1.6a	35.4±2.1b	19.9±0.7a	13.0±0.5a	15.1±0.4b
	10.0	47.9±1.8a	32.7±1.6a	44.6±1.6a	20.4±0.7a	14.0±0.4a	19.0±0.6a
	50.0	50.3±1.9a	33.8±2.3a	47.3±1.1a	21.5±0.3a	14.4±0.4a	20.2±0.4a
CK	0	35.4±2.4c	24.4±1.3c	25.2±1.6d	14.4±0.9d	10.5±0.2c	11.6±0.3cd

Table 6

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年 Year	酸 Acid	醇 Alcohol	烷烃 Alkanes	酰胺 Amide	醛 Aldehyde	酯 Ester	萘 Naphthalene	烯烃 Olefins	苯酸盐 Benzoate	其他 Others
2012	42.86	15.65	10.96	4.76	5.76	7.63	0.35	5.38	-	15.61
2015	43.11	17.93	27.38	7.28	4.22	0.79	-	-	-	12.29
2018	50.37	17.65	14.75	6.33	6.33	0.60	-	-	3.09	18.78
平均Average	45.45	17.08	17.70	6.12	5.44	3.01	0.35	5.38	3.09	15.56

Allelopathy of Six Organic Acids on Wheat Sheath Blight in the Soil of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Double Cropping Straw Returning System

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[3]	WANG Liang,LIU YuanYuan,QIAN Xin,ZHANG Hui,DAI HongCui,LIU KaiChang,GAO YingBo,FANG ZhiJun,LIU ShuTang,LI ZongXin. The Single Season Wheat Straw Returning to Promote the Synergistic Improvement of Carbon Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Wheat- Maize Double Cropping System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 350-364.
[4]	ZHANG YingQiang,ZHANG ShuiQin,LI YanTing,ZHAO BingQiang,YUAN Liang. Conversion Characteristics of Different Carboxyl-Containing Organic Acids Modified Urea in Calcareous Fluvo-Aquic Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3355-3364.
[5]	TAN FengLing,ZHAN Ping,WANG Peng,TIAN HongLei. Effects of Thermal Sterilization on Aroma Quality of Flat Peach Juice Based on Sensory Evaluation and GC-MS Combined with OPLS-DA [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2425-2435.
[6]	MA LiXiao,LI Jing,ZOU ZhiChao,CAI AnDong,ZHANG AiPing,LI GuiChun,DU ZhangLiu. Effects of No-Tillage and Straw Returning on Soil C-Cycling Enzyme Activities in China: Meta-Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(9): 1913-1925.
[7]	JIN YuTing,LIU YunFeng,HU HongXiang,MU Jing,GAO MengYao,LI XianFan,XUE ZhongJun,GONG JingJing. Effects of Continuous Straw Returning with Chemical Fertilizer on Annual Runoff Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Rice-Rape Rotation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(9): 1937-1951.
[8]	Xu LI,WeiLing DONG,ALin SONG,YanLing LI,YuQiu LU,EnZhao WANG,XiongDuo LIU,Meng WANG,FenLiang FAN. Effects of Straw Addition on Soil Biological N₂-Fixation Rate and Diazotroph Community Properties [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(5): 980-991.
[9]	ZHANG GuiYun,ZHU JingWen,SUN MingFa,YAN GuoHong,LIU Kai,WAN BaiJie,DAI JinYing,ZHU GuoYong. Analysis of Differential Metabolites in Grains of Rice Cultivar Changbai 10 Under Salt Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 675-683.
[10]	WANG XinYuan,ZHAO SiDa,ZHENG XianFeng,WANG ZhaoHui,HE Gang. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Winter Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(23): 5043-5053.
[11]	LIU Qiang,LIU JiWei,TIAN Tian,YAN Wei,LIU Bing,ZHAO SiQi,HU QiuHui,DING Chao. Dynamic Analysis for the Characteristics of Flavor Fingerprints for Brown Rice in Short-Term Storage Under High Temperature Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(2): 379-391.
[12]	SUN YongBo,WANG Ya,SA RENNA,ZHANG HongFu. Effects of Chronic Ammonia Stress on Serum Metabolites of Broilers Based on GC-MS [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(8): 1688-1698.
[13]	XinRun YANG,Bei XU,ZhiFeng HE,Jing WU,RuiHua ZHUANG,Chao MA,RuShan CHAI,Kianpoor Kalkhajeh Yusef,XinXin YE,Lin ZHU. Impacts of Decomposing Microorganism Inoculum on Straw Decomposition and Crop Yield in China: A Meta-Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(7): 1359-1367.
[14]	ZHU XiaoQing,AN Jing,MA Ling,CHEN SongLing,LI JiaQi,ZOU HongTao,ZHANG YuLong. Effects of Different Straw Returning Depths on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emission and Maize Yield [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(5): 977-989.
[15]	JIA LiGuo,SHI XiaoHua,SUYALA Qiqige,QIN YongLin,YU Jing,CHEN Yang,FAN MingShou. Potential Analysis of Organic Fertilizer Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer in Spring Wheat Regions of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(23): 4855-4865.