典型红壤不同形态氮素迁移对长期施肥制度的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.14.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of different nitrogen forms migration under different fertilizations in typical red soil, so as to provide theoretical basis for rational amount of applied nitrogen in red soil region. 【Method】 Based on the long-term experiment site located at Jinxian, Jiangxi province, four typical treatments were chosen as: (1) no fertilization (CK); (2) mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK); (3) NPK combined with straw (NPKS); (4) NPK combined with pig manure and straw (NPKSM). Four levels of soil samples of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60cm were collected from each treatment. Soil total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^--N), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the content of nitrogen forms under different treatments decreased with soil depth, while the different nitrogen forms demonstrated different characteristics in different soil layers. The available nitrogen forms (e.g. AN, NO₃ ^--N, NH₄ ⁺-N, DON and SMBN) were concentrated at 0-20 cm soil layers, and their content obviously decreased in 20-60 cm compared with 0-20 cm under all treatments. The TN content in 0-40 cm layers was no significantly change. The fertilizer treatments (i.e. NPK, NPKS and NPKSM) could improve all nitrogen forms content compared with CK, which was the highest under NPKSM treatment. The TN content was little change under the same treatment in 0-40 cm, while the TN content was ordered as NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK in 0-60 cm. The AN content under the same treatment was obviously decreased with soil depths. Therein, compared with the AN content in 10-20 cm, which in 20-40 cm was decreased by 42% (CK), 50% (NPK), and 44% (NPKS, NPKSM), respectively. The NO₃ ^--N and NH₄ ⁺-N content were highest under NPKSM treatment in each soil layers. Therein, the drop of NH₄ ⁺-N between 40-60 cm and 0-10 cm was higher than that of NO₃ ^--N, which ordered as 54% (NPKS)>51% (CK)>48% (NPK)>36% (NPKSM). The DON content was significantly different among the treatments in 0-20 cm, and which was higher under the treatment with mineral fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer. The DON content under CK and NPK treatments in 40-60 cm was increased slightly, while significantly decreased under NPKS and NPKSM treatments. The SMBN was significantly different among treatments in 10-20 cm layer compared with other soil layers, and ordered as NPKSM>NPKS>NPK>CK. The proportion of each form of nitrogen to total nitrogen was decreased with soil depth. There was significantly positive correlation between TN, AN, NO₃ ^--N, DON and SMBN at 0-20 cm (P≤0.05), among which TN, DON, AN and SMBN existed very significant positive correlation (P≤0.01). The early, late rice grain yield, straw yield, total biomass, and their nitrogen accumulation were significantly higher under fertilization treatments (i.e. NPK, NPKS, and NPKSM) than that under CK treatment, which was the highest under NPKSM treatment. Moreover, the residual mineral nitrogen and apparent nitrogen loss were also highest under NPKSM treatment. 【Conclusion】 In red soil, the effect of fertilization on nitrogen form focused on the upper layer (e.g. 0-20 cm). All the nitrogen forms content under all treatments decreased with soil depths. All forms of nitrogen content at 0-60 cm was improved under NPKSM. Meanwhile, the crop yield and their nitrogen accumulation were significantly increased under NPKSM treatment, so did with the residual mineral nitrogen and apparent nitrogen loss.

Key words: long-term fertilization, red soil, various forms of nitrogen, migration, rice

SHEN FengMin,JIANG GuiYing,ZHANG YuJun,LIU Fang,LIU ShiLiang,LIU KaiLou. Response of Different Forms of Nitrogen Migration in Typical Red Soil to Long-Term Different Fertilization Systems[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(14): 2468-2483.

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	TN	AN	NO₃^--N	NH₄⁺-N	DON	SMBN
TN	1.000
AN	0.994^**	1.000
NO₃^--N	0.986^*	0.979^*	1.000
NH₄⁺-N	0.710	0.638	0.643	1.000
DON	0.995^**	0.992^**	0.965^*	0.724	1.000
SMBN	0.999^**	0.987^**	0.982^*	0.746	0.994^**	1.000

处理 Treatment	早稻Early rice			晚稻Late rice
处理 Treatment	稻谷产量 Grain yield	稻草产量 Straw yield	总生物量 Total biomass	稻谷产量 Grain yield	稻草产量 Straw yield	总生物量 Total biomass
CK	2463c	2985c	5448c	4271bc	5177bc	9448c
NPK	4023b	4877b	8900b	4744b	5751b	10495b
NPKS	3915b	4633b	8548b	4807b	5689b	10497b
NPKSM	5272a	6239a	11512a	5858a	6933a	12791a

处理 Treatment	氮含量 N content (g·kg^-1)		氮吸收量 N accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	稻谷Grain	稻草Straw	稻谷Grain	稻草Straw	植株 Total
	早稻 Early rice
CK	10.44b	4.22a	22.11d	10.83d	32.94d
NPK	11.22b	4.69a	38.82c	19.66b	58.48c
NPKS	13.87a	4.29a	46.70b	17.09c	63.79b
NPKSM	13.61a	4.42a	61.71a	23.71a	85.42a
	晚稻 Late rice
CK	11.33a	3.83b	41.61c	17.05c	58.67c
NPK	10.09a	4.44a	41.17c	21.96b	63.13bc
NPKS	11.43a	4.37a	47.28b	21.38b	68.66b
NPKSM	11.79a	4.48a	59.38a	26.71a	86.09a

处理 Treatment	氮投入 Nitrogen input					氮输出Nitrogen output		氮表观损失 Apparent N loss
处理 Treatment	化肥 Mineral fertilizer	稻草 Straw	紫云英 Green manure	猪粪 Pig manure	起始无机氮 Initial N_min	作物吸收 Crop uptake	残留无机氮 Residual N_min	氮表观损失 Apparent N loss
CK					233.04c	91.60c	180.00c	-38.56d
NPK	90.0				247.68c	121.61b	203.04c	13.03c
NPKS	90.0	35.2	135.5		329.28b	132.44b	383.18b	74.35b
NPKSM	90.0	35.2	135.5	140.9	371.83a	171.51a	425.78a	176.14a

Response of Different Forms of Nitrogen Migration in Typical Red Soil to Long-Term Different Fertilization Systems

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