7个来源地区山荆子的遗传多样性与群体结构分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.013

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Genetic diversity and population structure of Malus baccata from 7 newly collected sources were analyzed using fluorescent SSR molecular markers. The identification of genetic diversity and structure within and among populations can provide references for germplasm collection and preservation of Malus and the study of the phylogenetic evolution of species. 【Method】19 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were screened to detect the polymorphism of Malus baccata from 7 sources. GenAlEx 6.501 was used to calculate the index of genetic diversity and analyze the molecular variation (AMOVA) among populations. The genetic differentiation among populations were analyzed by GenepopV4 and Fstat293. Based on the Nei genetic distance DA, the Neighbour-Joining (NJ) evolutionary tree of 269 accessions was constructed using POPULATION 1.2. The Bayesian cluster was carried out using STRUCTURE 2.3.4 to analyze the genetic structure of populations.【Result】392 polymorphic alleles were detected by 19 pairs of SSR primers, with an average allele number of 20.6 and effective allele number of 9.070. The average values of heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.628 and 0.855 respectively, and the Shannon index was 2.392. Dividing populations according to their sources, the highest number of observed alleles in Heilongjiangpopulation was 15.684. The genetic diversity in Russian population was the lowest, and the highest genetic diversity was in Hebei population. The coefficient of genetic differentiation Fst between every two populations was from 0.019 to 0.111. The gene of Hebei population communicate frequently with other populations, andGansu population was the most stable among 7 populations. The genetic differentiation and gene exchange among populations were not completely related to the geographical location far or near. The cluster analysis based on Nei genetic distance could divided 269 accessions into 7 groups at 0.7444. Most of groups were not related to geographical location, among which group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were far away from other groups, and the cluster of groupⅡ and Ⅲ was mixed, the sources of group Ⅵ was the most complex, groupⅣ and Ⅴ were relatively pure, and finally 99% of all accessions in group Ⅶ were from Heilongjiang. The population structure analysis divided 269 accessions into 3 groups with 3 possible genetic sources. The accessions from different sources were distributed into every group, and there was no clear correlation with the geographical location. Only most part ofHeilongjiang, Shanxi and Gansu population, as well as some of accessions from Russia and Hebei belonged to a relatively simple group. This result was similar to the results of clustering. In 269 accessions, the Q value of 232 accessions were higher than 0.6, and most of them had relatively single genetic background. 【Conclusion】19 pairs of SSR primers were highly polymorphic and could be used for the evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure. The genetic diversity of Malus baccata from 7 regions was high with the highest genetic diversity of thosefrom Hebei, and genetic variation mainly occured within populations and individuals. There was genetic communication among populations with the most frequent communication between Hebei and other groups, but at the same time, it also resisted genetic differentiation among populations caused by gene drift. Genetic differentiation and gene exchange among populations were not completely related to geographical location.

Key words: Malus baccata, fluorescent SSR, genetic diversity, population structure

GAO Yuan, WANG Kun, WANG DaJiang, ZHAO JiRong, ZHANG CaiXia, CONG PeiHua, LIU LiJun, LI LianWen, PIAO JiCheng. The Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis on Malus baccata (L.) Borkh from 7 Sources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3766-3777.

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