乙烯利-甜菜碱-水杨酸合剂对高温胁迫下玉米根系建构、生理功能和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】High temperature and heat damage frequently occur in the summer maize production areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai area, which severely inhibits the growth and development and impairs functions such as water and nutrient uptake and storage of maize roots. Elucidating the effects of the ethephon-glycine betaine-salicylic acid (EGS) mixture on root system architecture and yield formation under heat stress could provide the technical support and theoretical basis for establishing chemical regulation strategies for heat resistance and yield increase in summer maize cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted at the Xinxiang Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2022 and 2023. Using Yudan 9953 (YD9953) and Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) as test materials, chemical regulation treatment and heat stress treatment were established. For the chemical regulation treatment, the EGS mixture was sprayed on the leaves at the 6th-leaf stage (V6), while an equal amount of water was applied to the control group. Heat stress treatments were implemented for 4 days at the 9th-leaf stage (V9) and tasseling stage (VT), respectively, with field heating treatment (H) and normal temperature control (CK). The study aimed to investigate the effects of EGS treatment on root system architecture, physiological functions, and yield of maize under heat stress during different growth stages. 【Result】Under heat stress treatment in V9 and VT stages, compared with normal temperature control, in terms of root system architecture, the root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, the number of roots, root length, root surface area and root volume of YD9953 and ZD958 were significantly decreased; in terms of root physiological functions, root activity and activities of root antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were decreased significantly, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly. Consequently, yield components and final output were severely compromised, with significant reductions in kernel number per ear, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield. Compared with heat stress treatment, EGS-H treatment improved root system architecture, alleviated the inhibition effect of heat stress on the number of roots, especially the number of aerial roots, significantly increased the root dry weight, root length, root surface area and root volume, and root volume was significantly positively correlated with yield. EGS-H treatment enhanced root physiological functions, significantly increased root activity and root antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), while membrane peroxidation degree was significantly decreased. EGS-H treatment significantly increased the kernel number per ear and yield. After heat stress was applied at the V9 and VT stages, compared with heat stress treatment, EGS-H treatment increased the yield of YD9953 by an average of 19.42% and 19.56% in 2022, respectively, and by 14.40% and 17.95% in 2023, respectively. For ZD958, the yield increased by 9.81% and 13.02% in 2022, respectively, and by 7.68% and 7.78% in 2023, respectively. 【Conclusion】The EGS mixture could regulate the root system architecture of summer maize under heat stress, promote root growth and development, and increase maize yield under heat stress.

Key words: summer maize, heat stress, root system architecture, antioxidant properties, chemical regulation

WANG YaFei, YAN Peng, XUE JinTao, DONG XueRui, MENG FanQi, GUO LiNa, LUO Yi, ZHANG Juan, DONG ZhiQiang, LU Lin. Effects of Ethephon-Glycine Betaine-Salicylic Acid Mixture on Root System Architecture, Physiological Function and Yield of Maize Under Heat Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1439-1455.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 1

Fig. 5

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of EGS treatment on root morphology and configuration in summer maize under heat stress"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm/plant)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²/plant)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	根径 Root diameter (mm)
							0<D≤0.5	0.5<D≤1.0	1.0<D≤2.0	D>2.0
							根长 Root length (cm)
2022	YD9953	V9	CK	2881.80b	535.59b	12.72c	1796.25b	251.83c	559.51b	274.22b
			EGS-CK	3286.37a	617.50a	16.16a	1978.71a	332.58a	651.80a	323.28a
			H	2407.34c	444.17c	10.28d	1591.93c	186.00d	475.91c	153.50c
			EGS-H	2944.33b	540.19b	13.36b	1819.57b	274.52b	568.01b	282.23b
		VT	CK	4580.03c	1112.38b	21.10b	2831.73b	547.18c	774.62c	426.49b
			EGS-CK	5152.98a	1261.47a	25.85a	3155.76a	631.32a	891.61a	474.29a
			H	3691.29d	873.90c	15.67c	2411.29c	392.54d	648.25d	240.39c
			EGS-H	4786.91b	1112.70b	21.54b	2947.56b	573.28b	837.68b	428.39b
	ZD958	V9	CK	2380.25b	556.90b	13.13b	1543.15b	261.31b	291.83b	282.45b
			EGS-CK	2667.19a	624.86a	16.20a	1747.33a	294.35a	312.89a	312.61a
			H	2132.99c	489.02c	11.47c	1475.74c	201.73c	245.80d	212.67d
			EGS-H	2368.48b	556.50b	13.06b	1573.76b	251.83b	276.74c	266.14c
		VT	CK	4653.00b	1184.81b	23.09b	2943.22b	587.18b	563.08b	559.52b
			EGS-CK	5233.19a	1326.08a	27.94a	3332.34a	614.41a	660.17a	626.27a
			H	3918.67c	1000.52c	19.10c	2562.61c	455.25d	465.58c	435.24c
			EGS-H	4637.00b	1170.96b	22.44b	2991.69b	541.61c	561.01b	542.70b
2023	YD9953	V9	CK	2314.75b	722.72b	20.48b	1217.57b	232.43b	466.88b	397.87b
			EGS-CK	2585.70a	823.33a	25.65a	1355.28a	261.87a	513.23a	455.32a
			H	1952.64c	588.66c	18.20c	1058.17c	186.89c	403.91c	303.68c
			EGS-H	2359.15b	707.39b	21.03b	1241.00b	236.96b	475.78b	405.41b
		VT	CK	6387.59c	1675.97b	30.67b	4019.09b	740.71c	1059.08c	568.72c
			EGS-CK	7061.35a	1882.80a	36.93a	4322.96a	901.88a	1128.62a	707.90a
			H	5137.93d	1287.31c	25.44c	3335.83c	577.03d	874.81d	350.26d
			EGS-H	6535.01b	1640.87b	30.83b	4019.75b	807.67b	1093.04b	614.56b
	ZD958	V9	CK	2403.76b	733.88b	22.24b	1400.32b	390.92b	255.03b	357.48b
			EGS-CK	2676.71a	822.18a	27.00a	1574.18a	426.60a	303.78a	372.16a
			H	2086.50c	622.35c	19.84c	1235.02c	344.98c	207.12c	299.38c
			EGS-H	2434.83b	742.76b	22.63b	1411.92b	400.50b	263.49b	358.92b
		VT	CK	7578.98b	1734.40b	32.89b	5036.41b	866.66b	911.06c	764.86b
			EGS-CK	8388.44a	1950.12a	39.35a	5462.85a	990.98a	1064.80a	869.82a
			H	6465.31c	1419.00c	27.77c	4362.68c	726.92c	734.64d	641.08c
			EGS-H	7752.56b	1766.91b	33.00b	5123.29b	896.90b	951.70b	780.68b
	ANOVA		Year	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
			Growth stage	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
			Variety	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
			EGS	***	***	***	***	***	***	***

Table 3

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 4

Fig. 9

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	地上部干重 Seedling dry weight (g/plant)	根干重 Root dry weight (g/plant)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio (×10^-2)
2022	YD9953	V9	CK	24.13b	3.05b	12.67a
			EGS-CK	25.37a	3.39a	13.35a
			H	21.82c	2.44c	11.22b
			EGS-H	24.34b	3.10b	12.74a
		VT	CK	98.21a	9.32b	9.49b
			EGS-CK	100.37a	10.33a	10.30a
			H	85.87c	7.08c	8.26c
			EGS-H	94.52b	9.16b	9.69b
	ZD958	V9	CK	25.30b	3.62b	14.31a
			EGS-CK	26.76a	3.93a	14.70a
			H	23.80c	3.15c	13.26b
			EGS-H	24.89b	3.50b	14.06a
		VT	CK	108.82b	9.80b	9.02a
			EGS-CK	114.79a	10.62a	9.27a
			H	100.33c	8.24c	8.22b
			EGS-H	106.97b	9.46b	8.85a
2023	YD9953	V9	CK	45.19a	5.81b	12.92b
			EGS-CK	43.61a	6.51a	14.94a
			H	37.95c	4.78d	12.61b
			EGS-H	40.81b	5.32c	13.08b
		VT	CK	104.15a	11.51b	11.06b
			EGS-CK	100.37a	12.95a	12.92a
			H	85.57c	8.87d	10.38c
			EGS-H	93.87b	10.48c	11.19b
	ZD958	V9	CK	46.32a	6.64b	14.38b
			EGS-CK	45.41a	7.42a	16.37a
			H	39.90c	5.54d	13.94b
			EGS-H	42.85b	5.93c	13.88b
		VT	CK	123.90a	12.73b	10.29b
			EGS-CK	121.70a	13.95a	11.48a
			H	105.95c	10.20d	9.65c
			EGS-H	114.00b	10.95c	9.62c
	ANOVA		Year	***	***	***
			Growth stage	***	***	***
			Variety	***	***	**
			EGS	***	***	***

年份 Year	品种 Variety	生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	第1—2层根条数 Number of roots in the first to second layers	第3层根条数 Number of roots of the third layer	第4层根条数 Number of roots of the fourth layer	第5层根条数 Number of roots of the fifth layer	气生根条数 Number of aerial roots
2022	YD9953	V9	CK	8.56b	5.00ab	5.22ab	7.33b	13.22b
			EGS-CK	9.67a	5.56a	5.44a	8.89a	15.44a
			H	7.67c	4.33b	4.89b	6.78b	11.44c
			EGS-H	8.78b	5.00ab	5.22ab	7.56b	13.44b
		VT	CK	10.78b	5.67ab	6.56b	9.56a	32.67b
			EGS-CK	11.22a	5.89a	8.11a	10.00a	38.22a
			H	9.78c	5.00b	5.67b	7.11b	29.44c
			EGS-H	10.67b	5.44ab	8.00a	9.11a	32.56b
	ZD958	V9	CK	7.67b	4.78a	5.00a	6.78a	6.88b
			EGS-CK	8.22a	5.00a	5.11a	6.67a	8.44a
			H	7.11c	4.44a	4.78a	6.78a	5.50c
			EGS-H	7.67b	4.89a	5.11a	6.56a	7.56b
		VT	CK	9.11b	3.78a	5.44a	8.22a	22.33b
			EGS-CK	10.00a	3.78a	5.67a	8.33a	25.78a
			H	8.44c	3.33a	5.22a	8.44a	19.00c
			EGS-H	9.00b	3.33a	5.56a	8.11a	22.78b
2023	YD9953	V9	CK	9.56b	5.33a	5.67a	7.67c	23.78b
			EGS-CK	10.67a	5.89a	6.00a	9.00a	26.44a
			H	8.67c	4.78a	5.11a	7.22c	20.56c
			EGS-H	9.56b	5.22a	5.89a	8.44b	23.11b
		VT	CK	10.56b	6.78a	6.22b	10.00a	37.00b
			EGS-CK	11.22a	6.89a	8.11a	10.00a	42.22a
			H	9.78c	6.11a	5.78b	7.56a	31.22d
			EGS-H	10.33b	6.33a	8.00a	9.67a	35.22c
	ZD958	V9	CK	9.44a	4.00a	5.44a	6.56a	9.11b
			EGS-CK	9.67a	4.00a	5.11a	6.67a	12.44a
			H	9.00b	3.67a	5.56a	6.56a	7.33c
			EGS-H	9.67a	4.00a	5.22a	6.67a	9.44b
		VT	CK	10.33b	3.89a	5.56a	6.78a	28.44b
			EGS-CK	11.00a	3.78a	5.67a	6.89a	31.78a
			H	9.56c	3.67a	5.22a	6.22a	25.33c
			EGS-H	10.22b	3.78a	5.33a	6.56a	29.11b
	ANOVA		Year	***	ns	***	***	***
			Growth stage	***	***	***	***	***
			Variety	***	***	***	***	***
			EGS	***	***	***	***	***

年份 Year	品种 Variety	生育时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Kernel number per ear	百粒重 100-kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	YD9953	V9	CK	396.19a	30.31a	6326.97a
			EGS-CK	409.81a	30.93a	6732.17a
			H	353.76b	29.01b	5387.48b
			EGS-H	394.71a	30.46a	6433.60a
		VT	CK	409.29a	29.22a	6740.41a
			EGS-CK	409.87a	30.35a	7012.71a
			H	362.35b	27.09b	5561.3b
			EGS-H	399.32a	29.57a	6648.82a
	ZD958	V9	CK	382.44a	45.81a	9527.93a
			EGS-CK	393.86a	46.15a	9953.71a
			H	354.79b	43.69b	8436.36b
			EGS-H	385.35a	44.08b	9263.82a
		VT	CK	376.27a	46.25a	9558.58a
			EGS-CK	385.83a	46.68a	9974.25a
			H	347.65b	42.77b	8211.40b
			EGS-H	375.22a	43.69b	9280.32a
2023	YD9953	V9	CK	563.52a	31.96a	10419.95a
			EGS-CK	536.76b	32.99a	10168.52a
			H	470.40d	30.55b	8452.64c
			EGS-H	496.92c	33.29a	9670.17b
		VT	CK	545.51a	32.39a	10082.99a
			EGS-CK	525.05a	33.18a	10074.03a
			H	450.33b	29.80b	7855.43c
			EGS-H	520.79a	30.48b	9265.43b
	ZD958	V9	CK	533.97a	43.86a	13670.45a
			EGS-CK	525.14ab	44.89a	13608.81a
			H	492.54c	41.56b	11914.85c
			EGS-H	521.46b	42.12b	12829.62b
		VT	CK	513.59a	43.74a	13298.30a
			EGS-CK	513.73a	44.01a	13246.31a
			H	466.52c	39.90b	10789.49c
			EGS-H	486.12b	41.19b	11629.36b
ANOVA			年份 Year	***	ns	***
			生育时期 Growth stage	**	**	**
			品种 Variety	***	***	***
			EGS	***	***	***

Effects of Ethephon-Glycine Betaine-Salicylic Acid Mixture on Root System Architecture, Physiological Function and Yield of Maize Under Heat Stress

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