麦茬土壤残留氮对夏大豆根瘤、根系发育及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the impact of residual nitrogen from the wheat season on the soil nitrate content and distribution during the soybean growth season in a winter wheat-summer soybean rotation system. It aims to clarify the dynamic relationship between soil nitrate content and the development of root nodules and root system architecture in soybean and reveal the pathways through which residual nitrogen from wheat season and soil nitrogen dynamics during the soybean season affect soybean yield.【Method】 According to the residual nitrogen levels of wheat stubble soil in double cropping region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, five residual nitrogen levels were set: 5.25 mg·kg^-1 (N₅), 10.00 mg·kg^-1 (N₁₀), 20.00 mg·kg^-1 (N₂₀), 40.00 mg·kg^-1 (N₄₀), and 60.00 mg·kg^-1 (N₆₀) in 2021 and 2022. The soil nitrate content in the root layer (0-40 cm) was measured before soybean sowing, at the six-leaf stage, the flowering stage, and the early pod-filling stage. The above-ground and below-ground biomass, root nodule dry weight, and root traits at the six-leaf stage and the early pod-filling stage, as well as the yield at the harvest stage were analyzed.【Result】 The residual nitrogen increased the soil nitrate content during the soybean growth season, and it rapidly leached with rainfall. Differences in soil nitrate content among treatments persisted until the early pod-filling stage and the six-leaf stage in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The soil nitrate content at the six-leaf stage was 23.44-24.42, 24.98-28.07, 16.99-28.21, 23.81-45.34, 33.37-53.78 mg·kg^-1 in 2021, and 7.63-7.84, 8.02-8.86, 8.32-8.71, 9.43-10.01, 15.40-17.92 mg·kg^-1in 2022. The soil nitrate content in the root layer at the six-leaf stage was significantly correlated with soybean yield, when it fell within the range of 17.83-40.33 mg·kg^-1, the yield increased with its increase; when it was 7.63-17.83 or 40.33-53.78 mg·kg^-1, the yield decreased with its increase; the yield reached its maximum at 7.63 or 40.33 mg·kg^-1. At the six-leaf stage, an increase in soil nitrate content resulted in higher above-ground biomass, root area, and root width, while it reduced below-ground biomass, root nodule dry weight, lateral root number, and root tip number. At the early pod-filling stage, above-ground biomass, root area, taproot root length, and root tip number showed a decreasing trend after an initial increase and subsequent decrease with the soil nitrate content at the six-leaf stage. Among the root nodules and root traits significantly affected by soil nitrate content at the six-leaf stage, root nodule dry weight, root area, root width, and root tip number were the main factors influencing soybean yield.【Conclusion】 Residual nitrogen from the wheat season affects the soil nitrate content in the root layer during the soybean growth season both temporally and spatially. It regulates the nitrate content in soybean root layer at six-leaf stage, and thus impact above-ground biomass and yield by influencing the development of soybean root nodules and root systems. We recommend to apply nitrogen with appropriate amount and period based on residual nitrogen levels in order to control the nitrate content in the root layer of soybean during the seedling stage at around 7.63 or 40.33 mg·kg^-1. This will enhance nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and achieve higher yields.

Key words: wheat-soybean rotation system, soil nitrate, soil residual nitrogen, root nodule, root system architecture, soybean yield

WANG Jing, WANG TianShu, WANG Li, ZHOU XinYu, LI TingYu, MENG YiLi, HUANG XinYang, YAO ShuiHong. The Effects of Soil Residual Nitrogen from Wheat Season on Summer Soybean Root Nodules, Root System and Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(23): 4712-4724.

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Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Response of soybean yield, biomass, root nodule, and root traits to soil residual nitrogen level"

指标 Traits	试验年份Experi- mental year	时期 Stage	残留氮水平 Residual nitrogen level					显著性 Significance
指标 Traits	试验年份Experi- mental year	时期 Stage	N₅	N₁₀	N₂₀	N₄₀	N₆₀	残留氮水平 Residual nitrogen level	试验年份 Year	残留氮水平× 试验年份 R×Y
产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	2021		5025.0a	3750.2b	4141.1ab	5071.6a	4566.9ab	ns	ns	**
产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	2022		4684.3ab	5170.6a	5699.1a	4015.0b	4340.7ab	ns	ns	**
地上部生物量 AB (g/plant)	2021	V6	3.3a	2.4a	3.2a	3.4a	2.8a	ns	*	ns
	2022	V6	2.5a	2.4a	2.5a	1.9a	2.4a	ns	*	ns
	2021	R5	53.4ab	41.1ab	35.1b	55.0ab	57.4a	ns	ns	**
	2022	R5	44.2b	62.5a	60.5a	39.2bc	29.9c	ns	ns	**
地下部生物量 BB (g/plant)	2021	V6	0.5a	0.5a	0.5a	0.5a	0.4a	ns	*	ns
	2022	V6	0.6a	0.5a	0.7a	0.5a	0.6a	ns	*	ns
	2021	R5	6.0ab	4.9ab	4.4b	6.5a	6.3ab	ns	*	*
	2022	R5	3.9ab	6.0a	4.9a	4.6a	2.4b	ns	*	*
根瘤干重 RNW (g/plant)	2021	V6	0.8a	0.4b	0.4b	0.3bc	0.2c	ns	***	ns
	2022	V6	2.4a	3.3a	2.5a	2.0a	2.7a	ns	***	ns
	2021	R5	21.6a	9.5b	7.3b	7.8b	12.5ab	ns	*	ns
	2022	R5	7.5a	7.8a	8.5a	7.3a	3.5a	ns	*	ns
主根长 TRL (mm)	2021	V6	181.9a	217.1a	211.7a	193.2a	183.8a	ns	ns	ns
	2022	V6	189.2a	181.9a	212.6a	203.0a	177.0a	ns	ns	ns
	2021	R5	352.5ab	299.2b	313.7b	396.2a	322.7b	ns	ns	ns
	2022	R5	270.7b	375.6a	353.4a	269.5b	287.5b	ns	ns	ns
根系宽度 RW (mm)	2021	V6	87.1ab	79.3b	91.9ab	124.8a	86.5ab	ns	**	ns
	2022	V6	73.2a	65.8a	69.9a	59.4a	79.8a	ns	**	ns
	2021	R5	223.6abc	182.9bc	156.2c	257.0a	252.6ab	ns	**	ns
	2022	R5	129.0b	209.1a	186.5ab	161.4ab	144.9ab	ns	**	ns
根表面积 RA (mm²)	2021	V6	2660.3a	2566.5a	2895.8a	3203.5a	2810.4a	ns	**	ns
	2022	V6	2438.2a	1952.8a	2152.3a	2297.1a	2514.2a	ns	**	ns
	2021	R5	5454.3a	4414.0a	5399.3a	6870.6a	6338.6a	ns	**	**
	2022	R5	3939.2ab	5740.9a	4257.0ab	3934.0ab	2544.3b	ns	**	**
侧根数 LRN	2021	V6	13.7ab	6.5b	25.2a	24.2a	16.5ab	ns	***	ns
	2022	V6	44.8a	25.0b	30.6ab	38.2ab	34.0ab
	2021	R5	49.2a	51.7a	44.2a	49.5a	48.3a	ns	ns	ns
	2022	R5	43.2b	54.8a	62.8a	36.6b	38.4b	ns	ns	ns
根尖数 RTN	2021	V6	87.0ab	41.8b	111.0ab	151.0a	97.3ab	ns	***	ns
	2022	V6	272.2ab	205.7c	219.3bc	197.3c	290.5a
	2021	R5	612.7a	651.8a	662.0a	727.2a	679.3a	ns	ns	*
	2022	R5	582.3ab	742.7a	663.6a	560.8ab	396.8b	ns	ns	*

Table 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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The Effects of Soil Residual Nitrogen from Wheat Season on Summer Soybean Root Nodules, Root System and Yield

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