Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 1456-1466.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.006

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Phenotypic Characteristics of Strawberry Floral Organs in Response to Botrytis cinerea Infection and Methods for Gray Mold Resistance Evaluation

ZHANG DongMei(), ZHOU XinXin, XIAO GuiLin, ZENG XiangGuo, WANG ChunYan, WANG ZeXian, HAN YongChao*()   

  1. Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430070
  • Received:2025-11-19 Accepted:2026-01-12 Online:2026-04-08 Published:2026-04-08
  • Contact: HAN YongChao

Abstract:

ObjectiveStrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) gray mold, caused by the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, is a commercially devastating disease. This pathogen infects multiple tissues and organs of strawberry, with floral organs as the main primary infection sites. However, the resistance of floral organs among different strawberry germplasm to gray mold remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the response characteristics of strawberry floral organs to B. cinerea infection, establish an in vitro floral inoculation method for evaluating gray mold resistance, rapidly identify the gray mold resistance differences among strawberry germplasm, and to screen out resistant and susceptible resources.【Method】In this study, detached flowers of strawberry resistant/susceptible cultivars ‘Yanli’ and ‘Benihoppe’ were used as experimental materials, and inoculated with conidia of B. cinerea strain Bc05.10 to identify the phenotypic characteristics of different tissues and the disease index of stamens. Floral organs of 31 strawberry cultivars were inoculated in vitro with Bc05.10 conidia to determine the stamen disease index. The field incidence of gray mold was surveyed, and a correlation analysis between the stamen disease index and field incidence was performed.【Result】Brown lesions first appeared on the stamens of two cultivars; as the inoculation time prolonged, the lesions spread from the anthers to the filaments, and eventually extended to the sepals. The disease index of stamens in ‘Benihoppe’ was significantly higher than that in ‘Yanli’. At 4 hours post-inoculation (hpi), the conidial germination rate on the stamens of ‘Yanli’ (20.30%) was significantly lower than that of ‘Benihoppe’ (80.42%). A total of 31 strawberry cultivars were evaluated for gray mold resistance by inoculating conidia of Bc05.10 onto the stamens of detached flowers. Among them, ‘Qiaojiaren’ ‘Yayohime’ ‘Fenjiaren’ and ‘Guangdian’ were identified as resistant cultivars, while ‘Benihoppe’ ‘Tianshi No. 8’ ‘Toyonoka’ and ‘Fenyu’ were highly susceptible cultivars. Field investigation on the natural incidence of gray mold revealed that the floral organs of ‘Yanli’ ‘Jingyu’ ‘Mengzhiying’ ‘Jingshuo’ and ‘Fenjiaren’ had the lowest field incidence, while ‘Tochiotome’ ‘Nyohō’ and ‘Benihoppe’ had the highest field incidence. The correlation coefficients between the field incidence of different cultivars and the disease index at 12 hpi and 24 hpi were r=0.565 (P=0.035) and r=0.610 (P=0.021), respectively, showing significant positive correlations; no significant correlation was observed between the field incidence and the disease index at 36 hpi (r=0.328, P=0.252). Additionally, the cumulative disease index at 12 hpi + 24 hpi showed a highly significant positive correlation with the field disease incidence (r=0.713, P=0.004).【Conclusion】A rapid evaluation system of strawberry resistance to gray mold was established by using isolated stamens as inoculation materials. It accurately assessed the resistance level of floral organs of different strawberry germplasm resources to gray mold, thereby providing a new method and reference for the screening of resistant strawberry resources.

Key words: strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, floral organ, resistance, disease index

Fig. 1

Floral phenotype of strawberry cultivars ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Yanli’ in vitro inoculation with B. cinerea Bc05.10"

Fig. 2

Phenotype of B. cinerea Bc05.10-inoculated stamens in ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Yanli’ * 0.01<P<0.05;** P<0.01。下同The same as below"

Fig. 3

SEM observation of B. cinerea Bc05.10 conidia colonization in stamens of ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Yanli’"

Fig. 4

Field incidence (A) and its correlation with disease index of in vitro-inoculated stamens (B) in ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Yanli’"

Table 1

Evaluation of resistance to gray mold of different strawberry cultivars by stamens"

品种名
Cultivar name
病情指数Disease index

抗病等级
Disease resistance grade
12 h 24 h 36 h
俏佳人Qiaojiaren 5.95±3.89efgh 19.92±1.48efghij 26.19±4.76h 抗病R
弥生姬Yayohime 4.76±1.35fgh 10.95±0.89kl 28.57±5.35gh 抗病R
粉佳人Fenjiaren 5.00±1.01fgh 10.48±0.67l 29.52±4.53gh 抗病R
光点Guangdian 7.50±0.36cdefg 15.36±2.50hijkl 30.00±3.64gh 抗病R
白雪公主Baixuegongzhu 9.86±0.96bcd 15.05±0.26hijkl 30.61±1.67gh 中抗MR
丽红Lihong 5.95±1.52efgh 15.63±1.34ghijkl 31.12±2.55gh 中抗MR
宁丰Ningfeng 7.14±2.19cdefg 17.86±1.79ghijkl 31.25±4.46gh 中抗MR
淡雪Awakuki Yuki 6.55±1.83defg 16.96±5.69ghijkl 32.74±11.04gh 中抗MR
美味C Meiwei C 11.16±0.45b 19.64±3.18fghijk 35.12±3.67fgh 中抗MR
艳丽Yanli 2.98±0h 16.35±1.37ghijkl 36.90±0.71efgh 中抗MR
真红美玲Shinku Mirei 7.14±1.29cdefg 12.50±1.75ijkl 37.20±2.68efgh 中抗MR
晶硕Jingshuo 4.17±0.84gh 11.51±0.74jkl 38.39±0.30efgh 中抗MR
天使Tianshi 10.42±0.89bc 11.90±0.60jkl 38.69±10.12efgh 中抗MR
申馨Shenxin 10.32±1.12bc 28.17±0.74bcde 38.76±1.66efgh 中抗MR
梦之莹Mengzhiying 4.29±0gh 16.79±3.21ghijkl 39.00±1.07efgh 中抗MR
天仙醉Tianxianzui 10.27±0.45bc 22.77±5.80cdefgh 39.78±4.27efgh 中抗MR
晶玉Jingyu 9.52±0.97bcd 16.67±5.52ghijkl 39.88±9.52efgh 中抗MR
女峰Nyohō 9.26±0.99bcde 16.80±0.82ghijkl 40.08±6.62efgh 感病S
梦之芙Mengzhifu 7.50±0.36cdefg 18.57±1.01ghijkl 42.14±1.01efg 感病S
初恋Chulian 3.10±0.71h 17.78±2.97ghijkl 48.10±3.50def 感病S
香野Tochiotome 7.30±0.59cdefg 23.65±2.97cdefgh 48.25±3.51def 感病S
晶怡Jingyi 7.62±1.43cdefg 16.90±1.18ghijkl 50.66±5.40cde 感病S
卡姆罗莎Camarosa 14.29±0a 27.98±5.12bcdef 57.14±7.72bcd 感病S
佐贺清香Saga Seikou 4.82±0.54fgh 24.29±3.44cdefg 59.17±4.27bcd 感病S
熿香Huangxiang 7.29±1.17cdefg 21.48±3.94defgh 60.94±2.01bcd 感病S
京桃香Jingtaoxiang 5.95±1.05efgh 20.92±3.18defghi 61.96±10.63bc 感病S
妙香7号Miaoxiang No.7 7.44±0.30cdefg 30.95±4.64bc 64.88±2.98ab 感病S
天使8号Tianshi No.8 6.07±0.36efgh 28.81±5.42bcd 65.71±4.29ab 高感HS
红颜Benihoppe 8.14±0.74bcdef 39.09±5.84a 67.26±0.60ab 高感HS
丰香Toyonoka 9.72±1.12bcd 16.67±2.38ghijkl 68.65±2.45ab 高感HS
粉玉Fenyu 4.93±1.05fgh 28.74±3.13bcd 77.55±5.07a 高感HS

Fig. 5

Field incidence of floral organ of different strawberry cultivars and its correlation analysis with disease index"

Table 2

Correlation analysis between field incidence and disease index"

皮尔森相关系数
Pearson correlation coefficient
病情指数Disease index
12 h 24 h 36 h 12 h+24 h 12 h+24 h+36 h
田间发病率Field incidence r=0.565*, P=0.035 r=0.610*, P=0.021 r=0.328, P=0.252 r=0.713**, P=0.004 r=0.596*, P=0.025
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