粳稻资源抗倒伏性评价与生理机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.07.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The lodging problem restricts the development of the rice industry. This study screened japonica rice varieties with strong lodging resistance and key indicators for lodging resistance identification in japonica rice, and japonica rice varieties with different lodging resistances were further selected to compare the differences in their physicochemical properties, which could provide high-quality parental resources for the breeding of lodging-resistant japonica rice varieties, and offer theoretical basis for optimizing breeding strategies and analyzing the cultivation regulation mechanism of lodging resistance.【Method】This study took 50 japonica rice germplasm resources as experimental materials, and determined 14 lodging resistance traits. Through comprehensive genetic diversity index analysis and comprehensive evaluation, the 50 japonica rice germplasm resources were rated and classified, and the grey correlation analysis was used to screen the key indicators for identifying lodging resistance. On this basis, japonica rice varieties with different lodging resistances were further selected: Jiudao 325 (lodging-resistant type), Jiyujing (relatively lodging-resistant type), and Wuyoudao 4 (lodging-sensitive type) as experimental materials. Subsequently, the stem characteristics, material metabolism, and gene expression characteristics were systematically analyzed to deeply explore the physiological mechanism of lodging resistance in japonica rice.【Result】The coefficient of variation for lodging resistance traits among the 50 japonica rice varieties ranged from 5.38% to 21.08%, with genetic diversity indices between 1.76 and 2.06. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted four principal components, and the comprehensive evaluation D-values calculated using the membership function method ranged from 0.12 to 0.72. Cluster analysis classified the 50 germplasms into three groups: Group 1 (30%) as lodging-resistant, Group 2 (32%) as moderately lodging-resistant, and Group 3 (38%) as lodging-sensitive. Grey relational analysis indicated that the length and wall thickness of the second basal internode (N2) exhibited the highest correlation with the D-value. The correlation degree between spike weight, the third basal internode (N3) length, N2 length and N2 intercellular wall thickness and japonica rice yield was the highest. Compared with lodging-sensitive varieties, lodging-resistant and moderately lodging-resistant varieties showed significant reductions in N2 internode length by 37.02% and 9.09%, respectively, accompanied by increases in large vascular bundle area by 20.55% and 6.81%, respectively, and cortical thickness by 15.04% and 12.86%, respectively. Upregulated expression of cellulose synthase and lignin synthase genes led to increased cellulose content by 37.30% and 9.19%, respectively, and lignin content by 49.32% and 17.71%, respectively, with Guaiacyl lignin (G-type) and Syringyl lignin (S-type) lignin monomers accounting for 92.36%-93.90% of total lignin.【Conclusion】This study screened elite germplasm resources with excellent lodging resistance traits, such as Jiudao 325, Qinglin 168, and Hajingdao 1. The internode length and internode wall thickness of N2 could be used as key indicators for evaluating and identifying high-yield lodging resistance. Compared with lodging-sensitive japonica rice varieties, lodging-resistant and moderately lodging-resistant varieties upregulated the expression levels of genes related to cellulose and lignin synthase by promoting the biosynthesis of cellulose, lignin monomers, and lignin. Meanwhile, they accumulated higher contents of starch and soluble sugars by optimizing the physical and anatomical structural characteristics of stems, thereby enhancing the lodging resistance of japonica rice.

Key words: japonica rice, lodging, comprehensive evaluation, stem characteristics, physical and chemical components

CUI JieHao, ZHANG Meng, WANG Qin, YU JiaYan, LIN Kun, LI ShangZe, LAN Heng, GENG YanQiu, ZHANG Qiang, GUO LiYing, SHAO XiWen. Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Its Physiological Mechanisms in Japonica Rice Resources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1420-1438.

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基因名称 Gene name	序列-F Forward Primer (3′-5′)	序列-R Reverse Primer (5′-3′)
OsCesA1	ttgacttgcacgatcgatacg	tcccacataaactggaccctg
OsCesA3	gcatttttgctactggcatcc	tccctggaacaaagcaaagag
OsCesA4	gttcgatggcattgatcgca	ccacataaaccggaccttgga
OsCesA7	ccggatggatgattcttgttg	cccccaaaacacttttatccc
OsCesA8	tgttgaaggtgctggattcga	tgagagtggaggcaacaaacg
OsCesA9	aggccatccatgtcatcagct	ttgaaccccgttaggatgtcc
Os4CL3	gccgtctcctcgtgtaac	ttggccttagctgctttt
OsCAD2	cgaccagaagtttgtggtgaa	gaagtgcttcagtgggctgta
OsCAD7	tcaccggggtggtgaccgag	ccgccgcaggtgttcaccat
OsPAL	accgcttcgtgtatcttcag	aaggatggaatcgagtagca
OsCOMT	gaaggtggtggtggtggagt	gcgttggcgtagatgtaggtg

性状 Trait	变化范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Mean square	变异系数 CV (%)	遗传多样性指数 H'
重心高 Height center of gravity (cm)	38.11—47.31	42.61	2.29	5.38	2.05
株高 Plant height (cm)	87.22—118.77	98.09	7.01	7.15	1.93
N2长 Length of N2 (cm)	5.68—10.10	7.49	0.89	11.86	1.98
N3长 Length of N3 (cm)	11.59—19.29	15.31	1.71	11.14	2.06
N4长 Length of N4 (cm)	18.32—27.52	21.64	2.03	9.37	1.92
N5长 Length of N5 (cm)	23.26—39.94	32.68	3.37	10.32	1.96
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	17.64—30.79	20.39	2.19	10.75	1.76
N2重 Weight of N2 (g)	1.83—4.54	2.75	0.57	20.86	1.97
N3—N5重 Weight of N3-N5 (g)	4.61—11.30	7.37	1.55	21.08	2.05
穗重 Panicle weight (g)	3.35—5.89	4.48	0.67	14.99	2.06
N2抗折力 F of N2 (kg)	0.72—1.88	1.36	0.24	17.87	2.04
茎鞘干重 Dry weight of stem sheath (g)	1.09—2.41	1.76	0.28	15.74	1.97
N2节间壁厚 Wall thickness of N2 (mm)	0.58—1.08	0.76	0.09	11.25	1.89
产量 Yield ( t·hm^-2)	6600.85—11450.39	8971.33	1067.61	11.90	2.06

初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue				提取载荷平方和 The sum of the load squares was extracted
成分 Ingredient	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Accumulation (%)	总计 Total	方差百分比 Percentage of variance	累积 Accumulation (%)
1	4.36	31.12	31.12	4.36	31.12	31.12
2	3.04	21.70	52.82	3.04	21.70	52.82
3	1.74	12.43	65.24	1.74	12.42	65.24
4	1.23	8.78	74.02	1.23	8.78	74.02
5	0.86	6.14	80.16
6	0.69	4.91	85.07
7	0.60	4.31	89.37
8	0.45	3.24	92.61
9	0.30	2.17	94.78
10	0.25	1.80	96.58
11	0.21	1.49	98.07
12	0.14	0.98	99.05
13	0.09	0.63	99.68
14	0.05	0.32	100

指标 Index	成分1 C1	成分2 C2	成分3 C3	成分4 C4
重心高 Height center of gravity (cm)	0.18	0.16	-0.01	-0.12
株高 Plant height (cm)	0.17	0.17	0.04	-0.27
N2长 Length of N2 (cm)	-0.03	0.26	0.11	0.13
N3长 Length of N3 (cm)	-0.03	0.27	0.18	0.21
N4长 Length of N4 (cm)	0.08	0.23	0.12	0.10
N5长 Length of N5 (cm)	0.14	0.05	-0.21	-0.39
穗长 Panicle length (cm)	0.14	0.03	-0.05	-0.10
N2重 Weight of N2 (g)	0.12	0.03	-0.06	0.59
N3—N5重 Weight of N3-N5 (g)	0.17	-0.12	0.05	0.06
穗重 Panicle weight (g)	0.18	-0.06	-0.19	0.17
N2节间抗折力 F of N2 (kg)	0.08	-0.18	0.36	0.04
茎鞘干重 Dry weight of stem sheath (g)	0.17	-0.11	0.02	0.04
产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	0	0	-0.44	0.32
N2节间壁厚 Wall thickness of N2 (mm)	0.10	-0.11	0.33	0.15
特征值 Characteristic values	4.36	3.04	1.74	1.23
贡献率 Contribution rates (%)	31.12	21.70	12.43	8.78
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution	31.12	52.82	65.24	74.02

年份 Year	品种 Variety	倒伏类型 Lodging type	倒伏分级 Lodging grade	分级倒伏率 Graded lodging rate (%)	实际总倒伏率 Actual total lodging rate (%)
2023	九稻325 JD325	无倒伏 No lodging	0	0	0
	吉玉粳 JYJ	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	8.14	24.92
			2	11.67
			3	5.11
	五优稻4号 WYD4	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	11.72	72.17
			2	25.67
			3	34.78
2024	九稻325 JD325	无倒伏 No lodging	0	0	0
	吉玉粳 JYJ	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	7.36	20.12
			2	9.94
			3	2.82
	五优稻4号 WYD4	茎倒伏 Stem lodging	1	10.23	77.15
			2	38.42
			3	28.50

Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Its Physiological Mechanisms in Japonica Rice Resources

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品种 Variety	大维管束面积 Large vascular bundle area (μm²)	小维管束面积 Small vascular bundle area (μm²)	大维管束个数 Number of large vascular bundles	小维管束个数 Number of small vascular bundles	皮层厚度 Cortical thickness (μm)
九稻325 JD325	22987.67±238a	7140.50±52a	31.00±0.91a	27.62±0.36a	38.56±0.72a
吉玉粳 JYJ	20367.60±298b	7196.25±27a	29.00±0.82b	24.67±0.73b	37.83±0.28a
五优稻4号 WYD4	19068.40±435b	6835.50±107b	27.00±0.71c	23.03±0.62b	33.52±0.27b

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