Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2181-2193.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.10.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Its Influencing Factors Under Long-Term Conservation Tillage

YE MengXue1(), WANG YiLun1, ZHANG Qian1, ZENG Chong1, WU XuePing2,4, WU HuiJun2,4, TIAN WenZhong3,4, LÜ JunJie3,4, LI JunHong3,4, MIAO YuHong1(), ZHENG FengJun1()   

  1. 1 College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing 100081
    3 Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471022, Henan
    4 Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luoyang 471023, Henan
  • Received:2025-06-30 Accepted:2025-08-20 Online:2026-05-16 Published:2026-05-20
  • Contact: MIAO YuHong, ZHENG FengJun

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and its influencing factors under different tillage practices, clarify the stability of OC under conservation tillage, and reveal the transformation patterns of C, so as to provide a scientific basis for farmland management in arid areas.【Method】This study utilized a long-term conservation tillage field experiment established in 1999 in Luoyang, Henan Province. Three treatments were selected: conventional tillage with straw removal (CT), subsoiling with straw mulching and incorporation (SS), and no-till with straw mulching (NT). Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm soil layers. Soil physicochemical properties and carbon mineralization were measured, and the characteristics of SOC mineralization and its influencing factors were analyzed.【Result】After 26 years of continuous contrasting tillage practices: (1) Compared with CT, NT significantly increased soil nutrients, soil water content (SWC), redox potential (Eh), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content in the 0-10 cm layer. SS significantly increased soil nutrients, SWC, and bulk density (BD) in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, while significantly decreasing soil inorganic carbon (SIC) content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers. (2) Compared with CT, SS significantly increased the content of SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC) and its fractions, and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) across 0-30 cm soil layers. NT significantly increased the content of SOC, POC, fine particulate organic carbon (f-POC), and MAOC in the 0-20 cm layers by 10.8%-20.6% compared with CT. (3) Compared with CT, both SS and NT significantly increased SOC stocks across 0-30 cm soil layers by 10.2%-56.2%. The SOC sequestration rates under SS were significantly higher than under CT by 245.7% (1999-2015), 20.3% (1999-2019), and 35.8% (1999-2024). (4) Compared with CT, SS significantly reduced the initial and final cumulative SOC mineralization in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers. NT significantly reduced the initial and final cumulative SOC mineralization in the 10-20 cm soil layer. (5) Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed that soil physical properties (pH, SWC and BD) had a direct negative effect on MBC (path coefficient =-0.82), and indirect positive effects on MAOC (0.11) and POC (0.33). MBC had an indirect positive effect on the SOC mineralization rate (0.27) and cumulative mineralization (0.28).【Conclusion】Continuous SS practice for 25 years reduced MBC content, decreased SOC mineralization, and promoted SOC accumulation and soil fertility enhancement. MBC and MAOC were key driving factors influencing SOC mineralization.

Key words: conservation tillage, carbon mineralization, carbon fractions, mineral-associated organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soil physico-chemical properties

Fig. 1

Soil basic physicochemical properties in different soil layers under three different tillage practices CT: Traditional tillage straw removal, SS: Deep loosening straw mulching and returning to the field, NT: No-till straw mulching and returning to the field. pH, Eh, C/N, NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK, AP, SWC and BD respectively represent soil pH, redox potential, carbon-nitrogen ratio, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, soil moisture content and soil bulk density. The error bar is the standard error SE (n=3)"

Fig. 2

Microbial biomass carbon and soil inorganic carbon content in different soil layers under three different tillage practices MBC and SIC represent microbial biomass carbon and soil inorganic carbon, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences among the three tillage treatments in the same soil layer (P<0.05), different capital letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers in the same treatment (P<0.05). The error bar is the standard error (SE) (n=3). The same as below"

Fig. 3

SOC and its carbon component content in different soil layers under three different tillage practices SOC, MAOC, POC, LF-POC, c-POC and f-POC represent soil organic carbon, mineral-bound organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, light particulate organic carbon, coarse particulate organic carbon and fine particulate organic carbon, respectively"

Fig. 4

The SOC storage in different soil layers under three different tillage practices"

Fig. 5

The sequestration rate of SOC in different soil layers under three different tillage practices"

Fig. 6

The stage mineralization amounts and stage mineralization rates of SOC in different soil layers under three different tillage practices"

Fig. 7

The cumulative mineralization amounts and cumulative mineralization rates of SOC in different soil layers under three different tillage practices"

Fig. 8

Mantel analysis model of soil physical and chemical properties with SCM and CCM SCM and CCM stand for soil stage carbon mineralization and soil cumulative carbon mineralization, respectively. *：P<0.05; **：P<0.01; ***：P<0.001"

Fig. 9

PLS-PM analysis model of soil physical and chemical properties with SCM and CCM Numbers on arrows indicate path coefficients. Arrow width represents the strength of the relationship. Red and blue arrows indicate significant negative and positive effects, respectively (P<0.05). Grey dashed arrows indicate coefficients not statistically different from zero (P>0.05). R² and GoF represent the model's explanatory power and goodness of fit. CHM includes C/N, TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK, AP. PHY includes pH, SWC, and BD. *, **, and *** denote significance at P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001 levels, respectively"

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