长期施肥对红壤性水稻土有机碳矿化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Mineralization of soil organic carbon is an essential process of biochemistry in soils, which is closely related to release of soil nutrients, maintenance of soil quality, and greenhouse effect. Revealing the characteristics of soil organic carbon sequestration and mineralization in rice field ecosystem under long-term fertilization are aimed at correctly evaluating the impact of fertilization on global climate change. 【Method】Based on the 33-year long-term stationary experiment, systematic study of soil organic carbon accumulation and mineralization dynamics of red soil double-rice cropping field in red paddy soil was carried out in this paper. Five fertilization treatments were selected form the long-term stationary experiment which began in 1984, including CK (no fertilizer), NPK (application of chemical), 70F+30M (70% NPK plus 30% organic fertilizer), 50F+50M (50% NPK plus 50% organic fertilizer) and 30F+70M (30% NPK plus 70% organic fertilizer). Soil samples from tillage layer (0-20 cm) were collected before early rice planting in 2017. The amount and rate of CO₂-C released by soil carbon mineralization were determined by incubation method. First-order kinetic model was used to calculate potential mineralization (C₀), easily mineralizing organic carbon (C₁) and turnover rates. 【Result】 All the long-term fertilization treatments increased total organic carbon in the 0-20 cm depth of soil. The content of total organic carbon under NPK treatment was significantly higher than that under CK treatment, 27.32% higher than that under CK treatment. Chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer treatments were all higher than that under NPK treatment (P<0.05), which was 31.31% higher than that under NPK treatment on average. The effects of treatments of 50F+50M and 30F+70M were more obvious. The incubation results showed that mineralization rates of soil organic carbon in all the treatments reached the peak value on the first day and the differences were significant, and the order was: 50F+50M>30F+70M>70F+30M>NPK>CK, then they all decreased and stabilized after 11 days. The order of soil organic carbon mineralization rate after stabilization was: 30F+70M>50F+50M>70F+30M>NPK≈CK. During the whole incubation process, the relation between SOC mineralization rate and incubation days followed the logarithm law. After 35 days incubation, compared with CK, NPK treatment did not significantly change soil organic carbon accumulation mineralization (P>0.05). The cumulative mineralized SOC under 70F + 30M, 50F + 50M and 30F + 70M treatments were significantly higher than that under NPK (P<0.05), with increased 50.99%, 70.85% and 86.39%, respectively. The cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon (the ratio of cumulative mineralization to total organic carbon) under all treatments varied from 3% to 4%, and 30F+70M was significantly higher than NPK (P<0.05). The potential mineralizable SOC in soil were enhanced in varying degrees by adding fertilizers, among which 30F+70M was the highest with 1.19 times higher than NPK. Fertilization did not cause significant changes in turnover rate and half turnover period of SOC. C₀, C₁, cumulative mineralization and cumulative mineralization rate were significantly affected by soil carbon and input carbon content, and showed a positive correlation. C₀ / soil organic carbon was positively correlated with input carbon content (P<0.05), and the rotation rate constant (k) of soil organic carbon was not significantly correlated with soil organic carbon and input carbon. 【Conclusion】 In summary, long-term chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer increased mineralization rate and the accumulation of SOC in red paddy soils, but not significantly changed the mineralized SOC to SOC ratio. This was very useful for nutrient supply and carbon sequestration of red paddy soils.

Key words: long-term combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, organic carbon mineralization, carbon accumulation, red paddy soil

Lü ZhenZhen,LIU XiuMei,ZHONG JinFeng,LAN XianJin,HOU HongQian,JI JianHua,FENG ZhaoBin,LIU YiRen. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Mineralization of Soil Organic Carbon in Red Paddy Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(15): 2636-2645.

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处理Treatment	作物 Crop	基肥 Planting time							幼穗分化肥 Panicle differentiation stage
		过磷酸钙 Superphosphate (P₂O₅)	紫云英（早稻）或猪粪（晚稻） Chinese milk vetch (early rice) or pig manure (late rice)			尿素 (N) Urea	尿素 (N) Urea	氯化钾 Potassium chloride (K₂O)	尿素 (N) Urea	氯化钾 Potassium Chloride (K₂O)
		过磷酸钙 Superphosphate (P₂O₅)	(N)	(P₂O₅)	(K₂O)	尿素 (N) Urea	尿素 (N) Urea	氯化钾 Potassium chloride (K₂O)	尿素 (N) Urea	氯化钾 Potassium Chloride (K₂O)
CK	早稻 Early rice	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CK	晚稻 Late rice	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
NPK	早稻 Early rice	60.0	0	0	0	74.9	37.4	75.0	37.4	75
NPK	晚稻 Late rice	60.0	0	0	0	89.8	44.9	75.0	44.9	75
70F+30M	早稻 Early rice	48.0	44.3	11.7	33.7	52.9	26.4	58.2	26.4	58.2
70F+30M	晚稻 Late rice	37.2	54.0	22.8	72.0	63.1	31.6	39.1	31.6	39.1
50F+50M	早稻 Early rice	40.2	74.9	19.8	56.9	37.4	18.7	46.8	18.7	46.8
50F+50M	晚稻 Late rice	22.0	90.1	38.0	120.2	44.9	22.5	15.0	22.5	15.0
30F+70M	早稻 Early rice	33.0	103.9	27.4	78.9	23.0	11.5	35.7	11.5	35.7
30F+70M	晚稻 Late rice	6.8	126.0	53.2	168.0	30.0	12.2	0	12.2	0

处理Treatments	C₀	k	T_1/2	C₁	C₀/C
CK	568.73c	0.033a	21.0a	10.52c	4.53b
NPK	583.60c	0.040a	17.3a	27.24bc	3.66c
70F+30M	974.37b	0.039a	17.8a	40.89b	5.08ab
50F+50M	960.02b	0.036a	19.3a	76.92a	4.47bc
30F+70M	1276.31a	0.030a	23.1a	65.46a	5.74a

	C₀	k	C₁	C₀/C	C_t	C_t/C
土壤碳 Soil carbon	0.87**	-0.17	0.88**	0.47	0.95**	0.63*
投入碳Input carbon	0.94**	-0.33	0.86**	0.62*	0.96**	0.70**

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Mineralization of Soil Organic Carbon in Red Paddy Soil

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