保护性耕作和施氮促进土壤碳氮矿化提高玉米光合特性和产量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Exploring the effects of conservation tillage and nitrogen application on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics, as well as their impact mechanisms on maize photosynthetic characteristics and yield, in order to provide a basis for improving soil fertility and promoting maize production in arid areas of Northwest China.【Method】 This study conducted a two-year (2019-2020) maize field location experiment, with traditional tillage (CT) as the control, and set up three protective tillage measures (no tillage: NT; no tillage in wheat season and rotary tillage in maize season: OT; ridge cultivation with no tillage: RNT) and two nitrogen application levels (N0: 0; N2: 170 kg N·hm^-2), for a total of 6 treatments. The effects of conservation tillage and nitrogen application on soil nutrient content, carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics, maize photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and yield were investigated systematically. 【Result】 Conservation tillage and nitrogen application significantly increased soil nutrient content (P<0.05). Under N2 level, compared with CT treatment, NT, OT, and RNT treatments increased soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total nitrogen (TN), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content by 8.6%-24.7%, 18.9%-27.0%, 8.9%-20.2%, and 0.3%-24.9%, respectively. The application of nitrogen significantly increased the accumulation of soil carbon mineralization (C_min), nitrogen mineralization accumulation (N_min), and their mineralization rates. Conservation tillage further improved the soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics. C_min and N_min reached their maximum values under RNTN2 and OTN2 treatments, respectively, which increased by 4.0%-30.2% and 8.0%-52.4% compared with other treatments. Conservation tillage and nitrogen application significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of maize leaves (P<0.05). The Pn, Tr, and Gs of maize reached their maximum values in the OTN2 treatment for two years. The yield of maize in two years showed the order of OTN2>RNTN2>NTN2>CTN2>NTN0>CTN0, with the highest yields of 10.52 and 10.91 t·hm^-2, respectively, which increased by an average of 24.5% and 27.5% compared with other treatments. Based on structural equation modeling analysis, it was found that conservation tillage mainly increased soil nutrient content, promoted soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization, enhanced soil available nitrogen supply capacity, and thus promoted the enhancement of maize photosynthetic capacity, achieving maize yield increase. 【Conclusion】 In the arid northwest region, conservation tillage and nitrogen application were of great significance in promoting soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization, increasing maize yield, and maintaining soil productivity. It was recommended that no tillage in wheat season and rotary tillage in maize season combined with nitrogen application was the optimal management measures for increasing maize yield and efficiency.

Key words: conservation tillage, nitrogen application, organic carbon mineralization, organic nitrogen mineralization, maize, yield

LU YiNing, GU XiaoBo, DU YaDan, LI XiaoYan, YAN TingLin, ZHAO TongTong. Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Application Promote Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization and Improve Maize Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(15): 3051-3063.

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处理 Treatment	土壤有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	微生物量氮 MBN (mg·kg^-1)
CTN0	160.77b	229.77c	4.73d	44.25d
CTN2	162.83b	248.00bc	4.78d	55.29c
NTN0	169.50b	262.82b	5.08c	59.02bc
NTN2	202.98a	314.87a	5.75a	55.44c
OTN2	178.82ab	294.93a	5.20b	69.08a
RNTN2	176.82ab	312.59a	5.66a	65.62ab

处理 Treatment	C₀(mg·kg^-1)	k_C(d^-1)	T_1/2(d)	R²	N₀(mg·kg^-1)	k_N(d^-1)	T_1/2(d)	R²
CTN0	1964.79	0.0268	25.86	0.99	36.47	0.0344	20.15	0.99
CTN2	2180.85	0.0260	26.65	0.99	39.83	0.0386	17.96	0.99
NTN0	2377.07	0.0241	28.76	0.99	38.49	0.0333	20.82	0.99
NTN2	2911.58	0.0196	35.36	0.99	47.67	0.0300	23.10	0.98
OTN2	2840.50	0.0186	37.26	0.99	57.23	0.0304	22.80	0.98
RNTN2	3538.17	0.0160	43.31	0.99	51.99	0.0325	21.33	0.99

处理 Treatment	2019				2020
处理 Treatment	穗行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-grain weigh (g)	产量 Yield ( t·hm^-2)	穗行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-grain weigh (g)	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
CTN0	8.33b	23.67c	22.69c	6.91d	14.00ab	28.56d	28.34c	6.88d
CTN2	13.33a	35.33ab	32.37b	9.64c	14.33a	35.67bc	32.12b	9.34c
NTN0	9.33b	24.78c	23.43c	6.96d	12.67b	34.67c	23.59d	6.92d
NTN2	13.33a	36.00a	33.34ab	9.81c	14.33a	37.78a	34.75a	10.60b
OTN2	14.33a	35.56a	34.29a	10.52a	14.67a	37.33a	34.90a	10.91a
RNTN2	13.67a	33.22b	32.29b	10.21b	15.33a	36.78ab	34.13a	10.70ab
T	ns	**	*	***	ns	*	*	***
N	***	***	***	***	*	**	***	***
T×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	***	***

Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Application Promote Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization and Improve Maize Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield

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