长期不同施肥对棕壤细菌群落结构和碳代谢功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to elucidate the relationships among bacterial population structure, key species, carbon metabolic functions, and variations in soil physicochemical and biological properties resulting from long-term different fertilization treatments in agricultural soils. 【Method】 The amplicon sequencing technology based on the molecular marker of bacterial 16S rRNA were employed to analyze soil bacterial community structure, ecological networks, potential carbon metabolic functions, and their correlations with soil physicochemical and biological properties after 29 years of continuous application of various fertilization treatments (no fertilization as control, CK; chemical fertilizers, N4; and reduced application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure, M2N2) at the Long-term Positioning Experimental Station at Shenyang Agricultural University. 【Result】Different fertilization treatments significantly altered soil physicochemical and biological properties, and bacterial populations, diversity, and abundance of potential carbon metabolic genes. Compared with CK treatment, N4 treatment significantly decreased soil pH value, bacterial abundance and community diversity, which indicated that M2N2 treatment demonstrated a beneficial maintenance effect. Although long-term fertilization practices (both N4 and M2N2) significantly increased soil respiration rates, they also markedly reduced net nitrogen (N) mineralization rates at 0-20 cm soil layer. Furthermore, compared with N4 treatment, M2N2 treatment significantly enhanced soil net N mineralization rates. Soil ammonium N content, net N mineralization rate and pH value were the critical environmental factors influencing soil bacterial populations. Network co-occurrence analysis revealed that Bradyrhizobium elkanii and beta proteobacterium WWH154 were the key bacterial species that maintained the stability of bacterial ecological networks, and about 100 dominant bacterial species co-occurred fully with beta proteobacterium WWH154 and 54% of the species co-occurred with Bradyrhizobium elkanii. Long-term fertilization (N4 and M2N2) increased the relative abundance of two key species by 61.9%-169.4%, especially the M2N2 treatment. The function prediction of carbon metabolic genes showed that N4 treatment reduced the abundance of various carbon metabolism-related genes, such as carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, Aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis and Amino acid related enzymes in soil bacteria, and M2N2 treatment significantly stabilized the carbon metabolic pathways. 【Conclusion】In summary, long-term fertilization altered the physicochemical and biological properties of agricultural soil. Reduced application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure enriched key bacterial species and increased the complexity of microbial networks, which would be beneficial to coping with environmental changes, thus maintaining soil ecological functions and increasing crop yield.

Key words: long-term fertilization, brown soil, key bacterial species, bacterial diversity, network co-occurrence

BAI YuXin, LIU LingZhi, AN TingTing, LI ShuangYi, WANG JingKuan. Eeffects of Long-Term Fertilization on Bacterial Community Structure and Carbon Metabolic Functions in Brown Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1579-1590.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	酸碱性 pH	总氮 TN (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 SOM (mg·kg^-1)	16S rDNA 基因丰度 16S rDNA gene abundance (log copies·g^-1)	氮矿化速率 Nitrogen mineralization rate (mg·kg^-1·d^-1)	土壤呼吸 Soil respiration (μg·g^-1·h^-1)
0-20	CK	6.30±0.11Aa	1.04±0.01Ab	0.62±0.01Ac	9.34±0.04Ac	33.75±0.13Ab	18.57±0.36Ab	11.99±0.06Aa	30.00±4.29Aa	9.81±0.88Ab
	N4	4.91±0.09Ac	0.93±0.01Ac	2.08±0.03Aa	11.59±0.02Ab	24.25±0.31Ac	16.33±0.11Ac	11.88±0.12Aa	22.93±3.28Ac	12.51±0.80Aa
	M2N2	5.92±0.01Ab	1.35±0.003Aa	1.61±0.03Ab	12.64±0.12Aa	181.71±0.19Aa	22.37±0.17Aa	12.16±0.05Aa	29.45±4.21Ab	13.89±0.24Aa
20-40	CK	6.52±0.01Aa	0.69±0.02Ba	0.71±0.01Bb	7.15±0.01Ac	12.46±0.13Bb	12.03±0.36Ba	11.61±0.04Aa	18.57±2.65Ac	9.06±0.69Ab
	N4	5.40±0.06Ac	0.65±0.01Ba	0.73±0.05Bab	9.89±0.05Ab	6.64±0.15Bc	11.69±0.25Ba	10.95±0.01Ac	23.61±3.37Ab	11.55±0.37Aa
	M2N2	5.91±0.09Ab	0.66±0.01Ba	0.83±0.02Ba	11.24±0.07Aa	104.64±0.19Ba	11.26±0.21Ba	11.37±0.04Ab	31.53±4.50Aa	11.41±0.64Aa

Eeffects of Long-Term Fertilization on Bacterial Community Structure and Carbon Metabolic Functions in Brown Soil

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[3]	HU DanDan, SONG HuiJie, DUAN YingHua, WU Yan, HU ZhiHhua, XU XiaoLin, ZHANG WenJu, HE XiaoLin, LIU KaiLou, SU Peng, HUANG QunZhao. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nitrogen Surplus and Deficit and Soil Alkali-Hydrolyzed Nitrogen in Red Soil Double-Cropping Rice System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(24): 4907-4918.
[4]	SHEN WenYan, ZHANG NaiYu, LI TianJiao, SONG TianHao, ZHANG XiuZhi, PENG Chang, LIU HongFang, ZHANG ShuXiang, DUAN BiHua. Characteristics of phoD-Harboring Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Effects on Organic Phosphorus Fractions in Black Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(20): 4082-4093.
[5]	LI TianJiao, ZHANG NaiYu, SHEN WenYan, SONG TianHao, LIU HongFang, LIU XiaoYan, ZHANG XiuZhi, PENG Chang, YANG JinFeng, ZHANG ShuXiang. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Aggregate Stability and Its Driving Factors in Black Soil and Brown Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3835-3847.
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[7]	WANG QingYang, CAO DianYun, WANG Di, ZHAN ZengYi, HE WanYing, SUN Qiang, CHEN WenFu, LAN Yu. Effects of Long-Term Application of Biochar on Nutrients, Fractions of Humic in Brown Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2612-2622.
[8]	YANG WenHui, LUO HaoCheng, DONG ErWei, WANG JinSong, WANG Yuan, LIU QiuXia, HUANG XiaoLei, JIAO XiaoYan. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization and Deep Plough on Crop Potassium Utilization and Soil Potassium Forms in Maize-Sorghum Rotation System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(12): 2390-2403.
[9]	WANG Fei, LI QingHua, HE ChunMei, YOU YanLing, HUANG YiBin. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nitrogen Accumulations and Organic Nitrogen Components in Soil Aggregates in Yellow-Mud Paddy Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(9): 1718-1728.
[10]	HAN ZiXuan, FANG JingJing, WU XuePing, JIANG Yu, SONG XiaoJun, LIU XiaoTong. Synergistic Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Water-Stable Aggregates as well as Microbial Biomass on Crop Yield Under Long-Term Straw Combined Chemical Fertilizers Application [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(8): 1503-1514.
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[13]	YanLing LIU,Yu LI,Yan ZHANG,YaRong ZHANG,XingCheng HUANG,Meng ZHANG,WenAn ZHANG,TaiMing JIANG. Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1188-1198.
[14]	REN JiaXin,LIU Jing,CHEN XuanJing,ZHANG YueQiang,ZHANG Yong,WANG Jie,SHI XiaoJun. Variation of Available Phosphorus in Purple Soil and Its Effects on Crop Yield of Rice-Wheat Rotation Under Long-Term Fertilizations [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4601-4610.
[15]	Kai LIU,Jia LIU,XiaoFen CHEN,WeiTao LI,ChunYu JIANG,Meng WU,JianBo FAN,ZhongPei LI,Ming LIU. Seasonal Variation and Differences of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Paddy Soils Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(7): 1411-1418.