Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (8): 1591-1603.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Straw and Milk Vetch Mulching on Soil Fertility and Sweet Potato Yield

LI ShaoXing(), SONG WenFeng(), WEI ZeYu, ZHOU YuLing, SONG LiXia, REN Ke, MA Qun, WANG LongChang()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715
  • Received:2024-07-09 Accepted:2024-09-19 Online:2025-04-16 Published:2025-04-21
  • Contact: WANG LongChang

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Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the effects of straw and green manure mulching on soil fertility and crop yield on the dryland in southwest China, so as to provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for exploring reasonable, efficient and ecologically healthy conservation tillage measures in southwest China. 【Method】 The sweet potato field in the "broad bean/maize/sweet potato" dry three-crop intercropping mode in southwest China was selected as the research object, and four treatments were set up: no mulching (CK), straw mulching (S), straw and milk vetch mulching (S+M), and milk vetch mulching (M). The effects of different treatments on soil characteristics and soil fertility, sweet potato dry matter content in the sweet potato field were studied. 【Result】(1) Compared with no-mulching treatment, straw and milk vetch mulching could improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil in sweet potato field. Among them, straw and milk vetch mulching had the best effect. (2) The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility based on principal component analysis showed that soil fertility under straw and milk vetch mulching treatment was higher than that under no mulching treatment, and the comprehensive scores of straw and milk vetch mulching treatment were the highest in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. (3) S+M treatment significantly improved the dry matter quality of various organs of sweet potato and sweet potato yield, the yield of sweet potato under S+M, S and M treatment was 34.53%, 14.60% and 11.55% higher than that under CK treatment, respectively.【Conclusion】Straw and milk vetch mulching in the dryland, triple cropping systems of southwest China, could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of soil, enhance soil fertility, and improve dry matter quality and yield.

Key words: straw mulching, milk vetch mulching, soil fertility, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), yield

Table 1

Treatment and operation methods of different biological coverage"

处理Treatment 操作方法Method of operation
对照CK 地表无覆盖Uncovered land
秸秆覆盖S 当季作物播种或移栽后，将前茬作物秸秆用铡刀切成20 cm左右长度并均匀覆盖在整个小区内，蚕豆、玉米秸秆覆盖量为7 500 kg·hm-2（风干重），甘薯秸秆覆盖量为4 500 kg·hm-2（风干重）
After planting or transplantation of crops in the current season, straw of the previous crops were cut into a length of about 20 cm by fodder chopper and evenly covered in the whole plot. The straw cover amount of fava bean and corn were 7 500 kg·hm-2 (air dry weight), and the straw cover amount of sweet potato was 4 500 kg·hm-2 (air dry weight)
紫云英覆盖M 在蚕豆生育期内间作紫云英，紫云英于盛花期收获并切碎，在玉米移栽后均匀覆盖在整个小区内，覆盖量为2 500 kg·hm-2（风干重）
During the growth period of fava bean, harvest and chop the milk vetch in full-blossom period, evenly covered in the whole plot after corn was transplanted, and the cover amount is 2 500 kg·hm-2 (air dry weight)
秸秆+紫云英覆盖S+M 秸秆覆盖量和覆盖方法同S处理，紫云英覆盖量和覆盖方法同M处理
The mulching amount and mulching method of straw and milk vetch are the same as S and M treatment

Table 2

Soil physical and chemical properties at sweet potato maturity stage"

土区
Soil area		 处理
Treatment		 电导率
Dynamic
(μS·cm-1)		 易氧化有机碳
Soil readily oxidizable organic carbon (g·kg-1)		 硝态氮
Nitrate
nitrogen (mg·kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1)		 有机碳
Organic
carbon
(g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g·kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (mg·kg-1)
根际土壤
Rhizosphere		 CK 5.15±0.07a 1.41±0.0978c 4.89±0.070b 23.16±0.679a 11.055±0.258a 0.732±0.033b 0.716±0.022a
S 5.54±0.13a 2.47±0.067a 6.52±0.217a 24.07±0.698a 11.844±0.118a 0.800±0.0114a 0.722±0.014a
S+M 5.25±0.13a 2.28±0.060a 6.06±0.201ab 25.37±0.622a 11.596±0.310a 0.806±0.010a 0.714±0.004a
M 5.10±0.24a 1.93±0.059b 5.94±0.695ab 25.10±0.677a 11.192±0.234a 0.8273±0.014a 0.726±0.014a
非根际土壤
Non-rhizosphere		 CK 4.23±0.18c 1.72±0.055b 3.51±0.327c 28.85±0.573b 12.211±0.103c 0.9227±0.004b 0.806±0.019b
S 5.91±0.05a 2.41±0.076ab 6.28±0.476b 29.88±0.497b 13.119±0.073b 1.0607±0.018a 0.835±0.023ab
S+M 6.12±0.07a 2.60±0.264a 8.14±0.413a 33.55±0.844a 14.381±0.171a 1.132±0.039a 0.852±0.018a
M 5.01±0.08b 2.03±0.297ab 5.59±0.412b 30.76±0.364b 12.913±0.197b 0.964±0.005b 0.837±0.010ab

Table 3

Soil enzyme activity at sweet potato maturity stage"

土区
Soil area		 处理
Treatment		 蔗糖酶
Invertase (mg·kg-1·24h-1)		 脲酶
Urease (mg·kg-1·24h-1)		 酸性磷酸酶
Acid phosphatase (mg·kg-1·24h-1)
根际土壤
Rhizosphere		 CK 5.595±0.097a 0.292±0.00b 0.325±0.0036b
S 5.442±0.135a 0.324±0.0020a 0.374±0.0037a
S+M 5.993±0.180a 0.322±0.0025a 0.372±0.0095a
M 5.872±0.443a 0.322±0.0047a 0.368±0.0026a
非根际土壤
Non-rhizosphere		 CK 7.601±0.117b 0.327±0.0041c 0.468±0.0048c
S 8.440±0.069a 0.343±0.0004b 0.491±0.0053b
S+M 8.403±0.148a 0.355±0.0028b 0.521±0.0042a
M 8.186±0.083a 0.374±0.0062a 0.503±0.0098ab

Fig. 1

Average well color development of soil microbial carbon source utilization"

Table 4

120 h microbial diversity index"

处理
Treatment		 平均颜色变化率
AWCD		 Shannon多样性指数
H		 Pielou均匀度指数
J		 Simpson优势度指数
D		 Mclntosh多样性指数
U
CK 0.9466±0.0544a 3.3370±0.0287a 0.9879±0.0016b 0.9631±0.0012a 5.6276±0.2352a
S 0.9588±0.0578a 3.3262±0.0295a 0.9879±0.0030b 0.9624±0.0016a 5.7503±0.2344a
S+M 0.9918±0.0312a 3.3531±0.0096a 0.9993±0.0024a 0.9638±0.0004a 5.8477±0.1505a
M 0.987±0.01618a 3.3273±0.0263a 0.9953±0.0013a 0.9628±0.0011a 5.8958±0.0762a

Fig. 2

Relative utilization percentage of the six types of carbon sources by microorganisms"

Fig. 3

Hierarchical clustering heat map of 31carbon source utilization by soil microorganisms under different treatments A is carbohydrate carbon source, A1-A11 are D-Cellobiose, α-D-Lactose, β-Methyl-D-Glucoside, D-Xylose, i-Erythritol, D-Mannitol, N-Acetyl-D Glucosamine, 1-Phosphate Glucose, D,L-α-Phosphoglycerol, D-Galactose Acid-γ-Lactone, respectively; B is amino acid carbon source, B1-B6 are L-Arginine, L-Asparagine, L-Phenylalamine, L-Serine, L-Threomine, Glycose-L-Glutamic Acid, respectively; C is carboxylic acids carbon source, C1-C7 are Pyruvic Acid Methyl Eester, D-Glucosaminic Acid, D-Galacturonic Acid, γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Itaconic Acid, α-Ketobutyric Acid, D-Malic Acid, respectively; D is amines carbon source, D1-D2 are Phenylethylamine and Putrescine; E is phenolic acid carbon source, E1-E2 are 2-Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid and 4-Hydroxy-Benzoic Acid; F is polymers carbon source, F1-F4 are Tween-40, Tween-80, α-Cyclodextrin and Glycogen, respectively"

Fig. 4

Principal component analysis of soil fertility"

Table 5

Comprehensive scores of soil fertility in different treatments"

土区
Soil area		 处理
Treatment		 主成分1
PC1		 主成分2
PC2		 总得分
Total score		 排名
Ranking
根际
Rhizosphere		 CK -0.438392723 -0.876785447 -1.31517817 4
S 0.17178853 0.34357706 0.51536559 2
S+M 0.177319573 0.354639147 0.53195872 1
M 0.0892864 0.1785728 0.2678592 3
非根际
Non-rhizosphere		 CK -0.507529085 -1.01505817 -1.522587255 4
S 0.033098995 0.06619799 0.099296985 3
S+M 0.4125221 0.8250442 1.2375663 1
M 0.06190933 0.12381866 0.18572799 2

Table 6

Dry matter weight of sweet potato organs"

生育天数
Growth days (d)		 处理
Treatment		 根
Root (g)		 茎
Stem (g)		 叶
Leaf (g)		 叶柄
Petiole (g)		 根冠比
R/T
30 CK 1.59±0.24ab 5.03±0.13c 5.21±0.16c 3.60±0.16b 0.11±0.02a
S 1.13±0.17b 5.70±0.25bc 6.20±0.32bc 3.88±0.37b 0.07±0.01b
S+M 2.18±0.24a 7.40±0.53a 8.29±0.82a 5.62±0.59a 0.10±0.01ab
M 1.56±0.12ab 6.51±0.56ab 7.16±0.38ab 5.26±0.27a 0.08±0.01ab
60 CK 27.65±5.84a 20.12±1.25a 16.73±1.53b 12.22±1.36b 0.56±0.10a
S 31.22±5.56a 23.80±1.37a 18.11±1.05ab 13.98±1.33ab 0.56±0.10a
S+M 37.30±2.05a 26.90±0.81a 23.99±1.97a 18.31±1.62a 0.54±0.01a
M 40.71±2.86a 25.34±3.51a 22.46±2.22ab 16.43±1.56ab 0.64±0.04a
90 CK 104.74±14.45a 48.46±3.38a 36.02±3.95a 22.84±2.33a 0.97±0.08a
S 103.00±13.49a 54.78±2.22a 34.33±2.07a 20.15±0.72a 0.95±0.14a
S+M 97.81±7.58a 61.31±5.95a 40.47±3.35a 23.11±1.35a 0.78±0.01a
M 80.05±12.35a 56.96±5.73a 37.43±1.93a 23.07±2.01a 0.68±0.08a
120 CK 137.54±14.52a 69.48±1.89a 31.86±2.63ab 23.67±1.40ab 1.11±0.14a
S 172.82±7.40a 76.55±12.51a 25.25±3.07b 19.58±0.78b 1.48±0.22a
S+M 175.27±10.69a 76.21±5.08a 38.29±4.87a 29.71±3.14a 1.24±0.16a
M 139.93±18.42a 63.41±6.70a 26.86±1.49b 20.93±1.43b 1.27±0.16a
150 CK 180.14±14.31b 53.25±5.54b 20.44±1.57c 16.87±1.09b 1.83±0.29a
S 240.98±17.92ab 71.47±8.98ab 30.72±3.71ab 24.44±2.36ab 1.94±0.24a
S+M 316.59±44.13a 84.00±3.69a 35.75±2.65a 27.79±2.04a 2.16±0.34a
M 197.16±6.98b 57.98±5.91b 24.63±2.80bc 18.11±3.33b 2.01±0.24a

Fig. 5

Yield of sweet potato in different treatments"

Fig. 6

Correlation analysis of soil factors and sweet potato yield * Indicates that the correlation between the indicators reaches a significant level (P<0.05). EC, ROC, NO3--N, AP, Sucrase, Urease, ACPase, SOC, TN, TP, Yield are dynamic, soil readily oxidizable organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, invertase, urease, acid phosphatase, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and yield, respectively"

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