长期施肥对红壤双季稻系统氮素盈亏和土壤碱解氮的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.24.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The analysis of rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and the quantitative relationship between apparent nitrogen balance and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen under different nitrogen fertilizer management conditions could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term fertilization on soil fertility, so as to provide the theoretical guidance for efficient production and scientific nitrogen management of red soil paddy fields. 【Method】Based on the red soil double cropping rice long-term fertilization positioning experiment (started in 1981, located in Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province), five treatments were selected: no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (NK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK), nitrogen, phosphorus and organic fertilizer (NPKM), and then the grain and straw yield and nitrogen uptake of rice in each season were investigated and analyzed, and the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was analyzed after late rice. The nitrogen uptake, nitrogen utilization rate, nitrogen apparent balance and the changes of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were calculated and analyzed on a 10-year basis. 【Result】During the 40 years of experiment (1981-2020), the rice yield and nitrogen uptake under NPKM treatment were the highest, increased by 65.9%-108.4% and 85.1%-132.5% compared with CK, respectively, and increased by 19.3%-92.1% and 19.4%-99.8% compared with fertilizer treatments (NPK, NK and NP), respectively, showing significant differences. With the increase of the experimental period, the nitrogen use efficiency of fertilizer treatment gradually decreased, and the NPKM treatment also showed a decreasing trend in the first 30 years (1981-2010), but the rate was slower than that of fertilizer treatment, and increased in the recent 10 years (2011-2020), and from the lowest in the first 10 years (1981-1990) to the highest in the recent 10 years, increased by 25.3%-271.2% compared with fertilizer treatment. The nitrogen surplus was the highest under NPKM treatment during the 40 years of experiment, with an increase of 137.1%-577.2% compared with fertilizer treatment, but in the last 30 years (1991-2020), the nitrogen surplus gradually decreased with the increase of the experimental period. The soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content was the highest under NPKM treatment during the 40 years of experiment, increased by 7.1%-24.4% compared with CK, but the difference was not significant in the first 10 years, and increased by 11.0%-35.2% compared with fertilizer treatment, while there was no significant difference between fertilizer treatment and CK. Correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen surplus was significantly positively correlated with the soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content in the last 20 years (2001-2020). 【Conclusion】In the red soil double-cropping rice system, with the increase of fertilization years, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had better effects on rice yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen uptake and utilization, and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content. Meanwhile, the increase of nitrogen surplus caused by long-term fertilization also further increased the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in the topsoil. The contribution capacity of nitrogen surplus to soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased gradually.

Key words: red soil, long-term fertilization, double-cropping rice, apparent nitrogen balance, soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen

HU DanDan, SONG HuiJie, DUAN YingHua, WU Yan, HU ZhiHhua, XU XiaoLin, ZHANG WenJu, HE XiaoLin, LIU KaiLou, SU Peng, HUANG QunZhao. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nitrogen Surplus and Deficit and Soil Alkali-Hydrolyzed Nitrogen in Red Soil Double-Cropping Rice System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(24): 4907-4918.

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处理 Treatment	年份 Year
处理 Treatment	1981-1990	1991-2000	2001-2010	2011-2020
NP	29.14±7.14b	24.69±4.79b	21.09±4.54b	17.36±1.39b
NK	28.67±10.55b	14.23±8.60c	8.85±4.24d	7.06±3.94c
NPK	38.54±7.26a	31.13±6.65a	25.29±4.45a	20.93±5.11ab
NPKM	24.97±4.85b	21.49±5.44b	18.61±3.89c	26.22±2.05a

处理 Treatment	年份 Year
处理 Treatment	1981-1990	1991-2000	2001-2010	2011-2020
CK	-78.69±10.34d	-69.84±10.71e	-85±15.90e	-77.78±10.28d
NP	48.86±10.71b	65.71±17.26c	56.08±20.56c	70.98±8.60c
NK	49.71±24.61b	84.55±21.20b	78.12±20.46b	89.51±10.63b
NPK	31.93±12.26c	54.13±21.85d	48.52±20.92d	64.55±11.82c
NPKM	216.25±14.54a	238.77±30.44a	233.99±26.80a	212.25±8.99a

处理 Treatment	年份Year
处理 Treatment	1981-1990	1991-2000	2001-2010	2011-2020
CK	169.75±19.22ab	174.90±23.07b	182.68±24.95b	221.19±10.24b
NP	157.54±18.07b	160.90±17.62b	190.58±26.72b	218.53±32.88b
NK	159.75±18.17b	163.56±31.53b	187.77±24.37b	223.31±15.95b
NPK	163.80±21.94b	170.96±33.78b	191.25±25.84b	207.36±23.85b
NPKM	181.80±12.02a	217.52±24.50a	222.27±28.71a	258.51±6.83a

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nitrogen Surplus and Deficit and Soil Alkali-Hydrolyzed Nitrogen in Red Soil Double-Cropping Rice System

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处理Treatment	N	P	K
CK	0	0	0
NP	180	39	0
NK	180	0	125
NPK	180	39	125
NPKM	393	67	230