秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤生态系统多功能性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the impact of combined application of straw returning and chemical fertilizers on the multifunctionality of farmland ecosystem, so as to provide the theoretical support for the scientific combined application of straw and chemical fertilizers and the improvement of crop productivity. 【Method】An eight-year winter wheat-summer maize rotation experiment (2012-2020) was conducted with four treatments: no fertilization control treatment (NF), single application of chemical fertilizers (F), single application of straw (S), and combined application of straw returning and chemical fertilizers (FS). 17 general indexes of farmland ecosystem service function were determined to calculate soil ecosystem multifunction index (MFI). In addition, the compositions of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were determined. The coupling effects of chemical fertilizers and straw returning on the multifunctionality of soil ecosystem and the main driving factors in soil properties were explored. 【Result】Compared with NF, F and FS treatments significantly increased crop yields and MFI, but S treatment only increased soil MFI without significant effect on yield. A random forest model showed that n-acetyl-β-glucosaminase (NAG) and total nitrogen (TN) were the most important factors affecting MFI. Long-term fertilization also significantly changed the community structure of bacteria and fungi in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil compartments. Compared with the NF treatment, F and FS treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of bulk microorganisms, such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Basidiomycota, as well as the relative abundance of rhizosphere fungi, such as Basidiomycota. The redundancy analysis showed that SOM and its component, dissolved organic carbon, were the key factors affecting the composition of bulk soil bacterial and fungal communities. Network analysis and correlation analysis further showed that MFI was significantly correlated with the relative abundances of network modules for both bulk and rhizosphere microorganisms. Moreover, the F and FS treatments with the high production level enriched bulk soil microorganisms, such as Hannaella and Chaetomium, which had strong metabolism of amino acid and nucleotide, contributing to the soil ecosystem multifunctionality. Nevertheless, for the low-yielding group (NF and S treatments), the species that were not favorable to soil nutrient retention were enriched in both the bulk and rhizosphere soil, such as Solibacterales, Phycicoccus, and Pleosporales. 【Conclusion】The combined treatment of straw incorporation and chemical fertilizer could significantly improve both crop yield and ecosystem multifunction indexes. Long-term straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer could enhance ecosystem multifunctionality by increasing soil enzyme activity and total nitrogen content. This practice also fostered the proliferation of specific species (Hannaella, Chaetomium, etc.), which played key roles in nutrient cycling, enzyme activity, and promoted amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in the bulk soil, thus contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality.

Key words: ecosystem multifunctionality index, straw return, chemical fertilizers, rhizosphere microbiota, soil enzyme activity, function prediction

XUAN ZePeng, FENG HuiYao, CHEN MeiQi, XU JiSheng, LIU MengXuan, ZHAO BingZi, ZHANG JiaBao. Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Ecosystem Multifunctionality[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(14): 2821-2837.

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土壤性质 Soil property	NF	F	S	FS
pH	8.53±0.04a	8.26±0.03c	8.48±0.02b	8.19±0.04d
有机质 Soil organic matter, SOM (g·kg^-1)	9.90±1.02c	12.95±0.39b	13.20±0.61b	22.11±1.33a
全氮 Total nitrogen, TN (g·kg^-1)	0.62±0.04d	0.84±0.06b	0.74±0.01c	1.05±0.06a
全磷 Total Phosphorus, TP (g·kg^-1)	0.95±0.06b	1.37±0.14a	0.91±0.05b	1.31±0.09a
全钾 Total potassium, TK (g·kg^-1)	15.7±0.59a	16.36±0.58a	15.08±0.35a	16.43±0.68a
有效磷 Available phosphorus, AP (mg·kg^-1)	2.47±0.88b	9.08±1.08a	2.68±1.10b	9.92±1.93a
速效钾 Available potassium, AK (mg·kg^-1)	52.68±2.06d	100.39±8.49b	71.98±6.19c	159.57±11.18a
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen, NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	6.90±0.85c	8.32±0.92b	9.88±0.76b	13.18±2.68a
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon, MBC (mg·kg^-1)	185.12±31.16d	352.17±34.21b	264.22±36.45c	454.91±68.84a
微生物生物量氮 Microbial biomass nitrogen, MBN (mg·kg^-1)	27.84±4.22c	53.15±4.14a	27.84±2.00c	47.03±5.43b
可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon, DOC (mg·kg^-1)	30.16±1.92b	34.41±3.97b	32.89±1.58b	44.25±3.50a
可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen, DON (mg·kg^-1)	5.19±0.73b	6.44±2.63b	8.27±0.70b	9.64±1.08a

酶活性 Enzyme activity	NF	F	S	FS
β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase, BG (mg·g^-1·h^-1)	166.2±12.57d	280.5±12.1b	215.83±17.31c	479.75±67.85a
N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, NAG (mg·kg^-1·h^-1)	35.65±2.51d	79.89±4.67b	52.50±9.31c	130.86±17.07a
脲酶 Urease, UR (mg·kg^-1·h^-1)	130.86±17.07a	1.63±0.21b	2.17±0.12a	1.23±0.29c
碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase, AKP (mg·g^-1·h^-1)	901.09±69.33d	1604.89±186.31b	1078.93±93.18c	1979.98±282.57a
转化酶 Invertase, INV (mg·g^-1·h^-1)	1362.49±115.25d	2343.29±247.09b	1751.53±92.22c	3682.54±467.48a

	非根际土壤模块相对丰度 Relative abundances of module in bulk soil				根际土壤模块相对丰度 Relative abundances of module in rhizosphere soil
	Module1	Module2	Module3		Module1	Module2	Module3
生态多功能指数MFI	-0.133	0.523**	0.406		-0.436	-0.551**	-0.338

Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Ecosystem Multifunctionality

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