Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2604-2613.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Stoichiometry Under Prolonged Rice Cultivation

ZHANG XinYao1,2(), WANG Ping1, LIU YaLong1(), WANG JingKuan1   

  1. 1 College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
    2 Jilin Emergency Warning Information Dissemination Center, Changchun 130062
  • Received:2024-09-10 Accepted:2025-03-18 Online:2025-07-01 Published:2025-07-05

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The theoretical evaluation of ecological stoichiometry of soil microbial metabolism and soil nutrient restriction in paddy soil was carried out, so as to provide the support for understanding the nutrient cycle of rice ecosystem. 【Method】 In this study, a chronosequence of paddy soils with 1 000 years was collected and analyzed soil enzyme activity and enzyme stoichiometry ratio with prolonged rice cultivation and clarified the influencing factors. 【Result】 The invertase activity increased with the chronosequence, while the activities of α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucosidase, β-D-cellobiohydrolase and β-1,4-xylosidase enzymes decreased significantly at the early stage of chronosequence (50 years), and then increased significantly and remained stable. The dynamic of urease was similar to invertase, while the activities of n-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were similar to most of the enzymes concerned in the carbon cycle. The C:N ratio of soil enzymes was the lowest at 1.28 when the soil was not cultivated (0 year), while the C:P and N:P ratios of soil enzymes were the highest at 1.77 and 1.38 at the same time, respectively. Generally, the C:N and C:P ratios of soil enzymes were all greater than 1 in all rice-growing years, while the N﹕P ratio of soil enzymes was less than 1 except for the uncultivated soil (0 year). 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive stoichiometric analysis (soil enzyme activity ratio, vector length and angle) could be seen that the soil microorganisms in the marsh before reclamation were mainly limited by carbon, while the soil microorganisms in the early stage (50 years) of rice cultivation after reclamation were mainly limited by phosphorus, and with the chronosequence, the soil microorganisms were changed to be limited by nitrogen. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for understanding the biogeochemical cycling mechanisms mediated by microorganisms in paddy ecosystems, as well as guiding soil nutrient management and ecological sustainable development.

Key words: soil enzyme, enzyme stoichiometry, paddy soil, soil chronosequence, soil development

Table 1

Soil physicochemical properties and elements stoichiometry"

植稻年限
Years of rice cultivation (a)		 土壤有机碳
SOC (g·kg-1)		 土壤全氮
TN (g·kg-1)		 土壤全磷
TP (g·kg-1)		 土壤酸碱度
pH
0 10.5±0.35c 1.15±0.03d 0.62±0.01d 7.83±0.09a
50 14.4±0.98b 1.58±0.08c 0.66±0.12cd 7.75±0.06a
100 19.2±2.15a 1.86±0.20b 0.78±0.02bc 6.93±0.20b
300 21.8±0.37a 2.33±0.01a 0.86±0.05b 6.20±0.43c
700 19.7±0.61a 1.95±0.04b 0.87±0.02b 5.96±0.08c
1000 20.9±1.57a 2.24±0.10a 1.20±0.04a 4.97±0.01d
植稻年限
Years of rice cultivation (a)		 土壤碳氮比
Soil C:N		 土壤碳磷比
Soil C:P		 土壤氮磷比
Soil N:P		 土壤黏粒含量
Clay content (%)
0 8.88±0.20c 17.37±0.70c 1.96±0.06c 9.92±0.54d
50 9.35±0.16b 24.05±4.99a 2.57±0.53ab 9.87±0.03d
100 10.30±0.06a 24.69±2.09a 2.40±0.20a 11.8±0.07c
300 9.58±0.17b 23.37±1.77a 2.46±0.15a 12.8±0.17b
700 10.16±0.09a 23.01±0.73a 2.26±0.07ab 15.5±0.17a
1000 9.71±0.37ab 20.19±0.67b 2.17±0.02b 15.9±0.29d

Fig. 1

Soil enzyme activities within paddy chronosequence CBH: β-cellobiohydrolase, XYL: β-xylosidase, AG: α-1,4-glucosidase, BG: β-1,4-glucosidase, INT: Invertase, UE: Urease, NAG: β-1,4-N- acetylglucos-aminidase, PHOS: Phosphatase. Different lowercase letters on the graph column indicate that there are significant differences in soil enzyme activities among different years of rice planting (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 2

Natural logarithm of soil enzyme activity within paddy chronosequence"

Fig. 3

Stoichiometric ratio of soil enzyme activities within paddy chronosequence"

Fig. 4

Vector length and angle of soil enzyme stoichiometry with paddy chronosequence"

Table 2

The contribution rate soil physicochemical factors to soil enzyme activity and stoichiometric ratio"

土壤理化因子
Soil physicochemical factors		 土壤酶活性 Soil enzyme activity 土壤酶化学计量比 Soil enzyme stoichiometric ratio
贡献率 Contribution (%) P值 P value 贡献率 Contribution (%) P值 P value
黏粒含量Clay 43.1 0.002 2.5 0.550
氮磷比N:P 25.0 0.028 47.6 0.010
总磷TP 7.8 0.232 16.7 0.134
酸碱度pH 7.7 0.226 15 0.092
碳磷比C:P 6.3 0.330 0.7 0.840
总有机碳SOC 5.8 0.382 10.5 0.194
碳氮比C:N 2.8 0.644 5.2 0.358
总氮TN 1.6 0.842 1.7 0.666

Fig. 5

Heat map of the relationship between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical factors * and ** represents a significance at 5% and 1% level, respectively"

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