Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 755-764.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.04.010

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Tomato Grafting and Nitrogen Fertilization on Fertilizer Nitrogen Fate and Nitrogen Balance

SUN ZhaoAn1(), ZHANG YiWen2, JIANG LiHua3, LI ZhaoJun1, GUO Xin1, CAO Hui1(), MENG FanQiao4()   

  1. 1 University Characteristic Laboratory of Precision Cultivation and Germplasm Innovation of Horticultural Crops in Shandong/School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong
    2 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhaoyuan Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Zhaoyuan 265499, Shandong
    3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
    4 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2023-08-02 Accepted:2023-12-01 Online:2024-02-16 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: CAO Hui, MENG FanQiao

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Abstract:

【Objective】 By quantifying the amounts of soil-derived nitrogen (N) uptake by tomato aboveground and residual fertilizer N in soil, this study evaluated the impacts of tomato grafting and N fertilization on the fertilizer N fate, net residual fertilizer N, and N balance in soil-tomato production.【Method】A pot experiment with 15N-labeled urea and the experiment were conducted. Tomato varieties were Qidali and 017, included grafting (grafting and self-rooted), and fertilization (control and N-fertilization) treatments. The 15N tracer was used to distinguish the contribution of fertilizer- and soil-derived N in plants and soils, the fertilizer N fate and the added-N interaction (ANI, i.e. the difference of soil-derived N uptake between N-fertilized and -unfertilized treatments), and the N balance in soil-tomato production was also evaluated.【Result】The contribution of fertilizer N to whole plant N uptake was 35.9%-38.8%, and the contribution to aboveground plant N uptake (35.9%-39.9%) was higher than that in root N uptake (31.6%-36.2%). The ANI exhibited positive values in most treatments, and there was no significant impacts from grafting. Under all the treatments, the average fertilizer N allocated to aboveground, soil and loss was 4.0﹕2.6﹕3.4, and the total recovery of fertilizer N (aboveground N uptake + soil residue) was about 70%. At the fertilizer N level of 250 kg·hm-2, the residual fertilizer N in the soil could not compensate for the soil-derived N allocation to tomato aboveground, and this might cause the depletion of soil N stock in the long run. 【Conclusion】The risk of fertilizer N loss was high if large rate of N fertilization was chosen compensate the consumption of soil native N. Compared with tomato 017 scion and self-rooted treatment, the combination of tomato Qidali scion and pumpkin rootstock increased the fertilizer N stay in soil and reduced the fertilizer N loss. Appropriate tomato scion and rootstock could be an feasible and effective measure to maintain the soil N fertility in tomato production.

Key words: tomato, fertilizer nitrogen recovery, added-N interaction, fertilizer nitrogen fate, 15N labeling

Fig. 1

Pot-grown tomato plants in growth chamber"

Fig. 2

Conceptual diagram for added-N interaction of soil- derived nitrogen uptake A, B and C denote plant nitrogen uptake, fertilizer-derived nitrogen uptake and soil-derived nitrogen uptake at the nitrogen fertilization treatment, respectively; D denote soil-derived nitrogen uptake at the control treatment"

Table 1

P-values of three-way analysis of variance for effects of nitrogen fertilization, varieties and grafting on biomass and nitrogen uptake of tomato plant"

因子
Factor		 生物量 Biomass 氮吸收量 N uptake
根系
Root		 地上部Aboveground 整个植株
Total plant		 根系
Root		 地上部Aboveground 整个植株
Total plant
施氮Fertilization (A) 0.026 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001
品种Varieties (B) 0.039 0.001 0.001 0.019 0.148 0.070
嫁接Grafting (C) 0.066 0.111 0.045 0.110 0.877 0.346
A×B 0.556 0.605 0.511 0.556 0.376 0.634
A×C 0.395 0.358 0.277 0.813 0.880 0.634
B×C 0.012 0.068 0.686 0.004 0.451 0.634
A×B×C 0.312 0.958 0.704 0.218 0.433 0.346

Fig. 3

Effects of tomato grafting and nitrogen fertilization on biomass and nitrogen uptake of plant Different upper case letters denote significant differences (P<0.05) of biomass and nitrogen uptake between CK and +N treatments at the same varieties and grafting treatments; different lower case letter denote significant differences (P<0.05) of biomass and nitrogen uptake between self-rooted and grafted treatments at the same varieties and fertilization treatments"

Table 2

P-values of two-way analysis of variance for effects of varieties and grafting on contribution and fate of fertilizer nitrogen"

因子
Factor 		肥料氮的贡献
Fertilizer N contribution		 肥料氮的去向
Fertilizer N fate		 土壤氮平衡
Soil N balance
根系
Root		 地上部
Aboveground		 整个植株
Total plant		 地上部
Aboveground		 土壤+根系
Soil+Root		 植株+土壤
Plant+Soil		 损失
Loss
品种 Varieties (A) 0.148 0.414 0.494 0.732 0.024 0.295 0.295 0.569
嫁接Grafting (B) 0.203 0.740 0.604 0.957 0.296 0.718 0.718 0.731
A×B 0.757 0.206 0.416 0.709 0.082 0.381 0.381 0.430

Fig. 4

Contributions of fertilizer-and soil-derived nitrogen to nitrogen uptake by tomato plant"

Fig. 5

Added-N interaction of soil-derived nitrogen uptake by tomato plants Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of added-N interaction among different components (P<0.05)"

Fig. 6

Fate of fertilizer-derived nitrogen in tomato-soil system Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of different fertilizer nitrogen rate at the same tomato-soil system (P<0.05)"

Fig. 7

Effects of tomato varieties and grafting on nitrogen balance and net residual fertilizer nitrogen in soils Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences of net residual fertilizer nitrogen in soils among different components (P<0.05)"

Fig. 8

Literature synthesis of the ratio between soil residual fertilizer nitrogen and positive added-N interaction The N in the figure represents the number of data points; the solid and dashed lines represent the median and mean values, respectively; the ratio of soil residual fertilizer nitrogen to positive ANI are based on a 15N literature synthesis from pot-grown wheat[17,26-27], maize[28⇓-30], and rice[12,31]"

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