河西灌区减氮条件下小麦复种绿肥的水分利用及经济效益

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In view of the problems of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and lower water resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits in crop production in the irrigation area of Hexi Oasis, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of multiple green manures after wheat and moderate reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on the water consumption characteristics and economic benefit of wheat field. 【Method】 From 2019 to 2020, a split plot experiment was conducted in the oasis irrigation area of Hexi, Gansu province. Two planting patterns were set up in the main area, namely, multiple cropping of green manure after wheat harvest (W-G) and single cropping of wheat (W). In the sub-plot, there were five nitrogen application levels, namely no nitrogen application (N₀), conventional nitrogen application level 180 kg·hm^-2(N₄), reduced 45% nitrogen application (N₁), reduced 30% nitrogen application (N₂), and reduced 15% nitrogen application (N₃).【Result】Grain yield of wheat and systematic biothermal energy were significantly increased by multiple green manure after wheat (W-G) and the moderate reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, in 2019 and 2020, which increased by 10.8% and 12.4%, respectively, and the yield of systematic biothermal energy increased by 37.8% and 40.3%, respectively. Compared with nitrogen reduction of 15% (W-G-N₃) in sole wheat and traditional nitrogen application (W-N₄) in sole wheat, the grain yield increased by 6.9%-16.7% and 7.9%-13.6%, respectively, and the biothermal energy yield increased by 52.0%-62.2% and 27.1%-58.9%, respectively. The water consumption of W-G decreased by 6.3%-16.0% compared with that of W wheat growing stage, and W-G-N₃ decreased the seasonal water consumption of W-N₃ and W-N₄ by 13.4%-20.5% and 20.8%-29.0%, respectively. Repeated planting of green manure could improve the water use efficiency of wheat, and W-G increased by 7.9% and 19.2%, respectively. In 2019, compared with W-N₃ and W-N₄, the WUE of W-G-N₃ increased by 23.5% and 5.1%, respectively. Compared with W-N₃ and W-N₄, W-G-N₃could improve the energy yield of per unit water efficiency of the system, which was increased by 2.7%-14.5% and 9.3%-17.5%, respectively. Compared with the W and W-G increased the cost input, and the gross output also increased. In 2019, the net return of W-G-N₃increased by 9.8% and 9.5% compared with W-N₃ and W-N₄, respectively; in 2020, the net return of W-G-N₃ decreased by 15.6% and 15.7% compared with W-N₃ and W-N₄, respectively. In 2019 and 2020, the output/input of multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest reduced by 20.7% and 23.1% compared with sole wheat, and the output/input of W-G-N₃ was 14.8%-23.1% compared with W-N₃ and W-N₄, and W-G reduced the benefit per cubic meter water of the system due to more resources input. 【Conclusion】In the Hexi oasis irrigation areas, multiple green manure after wheat combined with moderate reduction of chemical nitrogen fertilizer could improve crop yield and economic benefit, as well as water resource utilization efficiency, among which the comprehensive effect of multiple green manure after wheat combined with 15% nitrogen treatment is outstanding, which could be used as an ideal planting pattern and nitrogen application level to improve water resource utilization and farmers' income.

Key words: green manure, wheat, multiple cropping, reduce nitrogen application, yield, water use efficiency, economic benefit

MA BiJiao, CHEN GuiPing, GOU ZhiWen, YIN Wen, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, FAN Hong, HE Wei. Water Utilization and Economic Benefit of Wheat Multiple Cropping with Green Manure Under Nitrogen Reduction in Hexi Irrigation Area of Northwest China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(4): 740-754.

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年份 Year	种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N fertilizer level	小麦 Wheat		绿肥Green manure	系统生物热能产 Energy yield (MJ·hm^-2)
年份 Year	种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N fertilizer level	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	秸秆产量 Straw yield (kg·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	系统生物热能产 Energy yield (MJ·hm^-2)
2019	W-G	N₀	7363 cd	12398 ab	6290 bc	382413 ab
		N₁	7455 c	11498 bcd	6710 ab	409432 a
		N₂	8132 b	10283 de	7481 a	391909 ab
		N₃	9187 a	9592 ef	5754 bc	373781 ab
		N₄	8810 ab	10710 cde	6928 ab	379036 ab
	W	N₀	5923 e	11858 bc	-	293136 cd
		N₁	6722 d	13590 a	-	338460 bc
		N₂	7224 cd	10575 cde	-	293135 cd
		N₃	8592 ab	8775 f	-	245862 d
		N₄	8512 ab	12510 ab	-	235164 d
2020	W-G	N₀	4320 f	8039 bc	3802 a	243282 c
		N₁	6632 d	11206 ab	3662 a	322469 ab
		N₂	7206 c	10790 ab	3976 a	340093 ab
		N₃	8408 a	11228 ab	3506 a	354332 a
		N₄	8005 a	13326 a	3366 a	372887 a
	W	N₀	4097 f	5097 c	-	141186 d
		N₁	6125 e	12200 a	-	276369 bc
		N₂	6195 e	11052 ab	-	249287 c
		N₃	7205 c	8178 bc	-	218427 c
		N₄	7401 b	11630 ab	-	278743 bc
显著性（P值） Significance (P value)
种植模式Cropping pattern (C)			*	NS	-	**
施氮水平N application rate (N)			**	**	-	NS
种植模式×施氮水平 C×N			NS	NS	-	NS

年份 Year	种植模式 Cropping pattern	施氮水平 N fertilizer level	小麦播前-收获 Before wheat-harvest (mm)	小麦收获-绿肥翻压 Wheat harvest-green manure incorporation (mm)	总耗水量 Total water consumption (mm)
2019	W-G	N₀	342.1 def	225.5 a	567.6 b
		N₁	372.8 cde	145.3 b	518.1 c
		N₂	404.1 abc	123.8 b	527.8 bc
		N₃	318.1 f	229.3 a	547.4 bc
		N₄	393.1 bc	221.7 a	614.8 a
	W	N₀	328.9 ef	-	328.9 g
		N₁	384.1 bcd	-	384.1 ef
		N₂	425.7 ab	-	425.7 de
		N₃	367.5 cde	-	367.5 fg
		N₄	447.8 a	-	447.8 d
2020	W-G	N₀	427.3 ab	122.9 a	550.2 ab
		N₁	361.9 bc	118.6 a	480.6 cd
		N₂	472.0 a	112.6 a	584.6 a
		N₃	363.9 bc	132.9 a	496.8 bcd
		N₄	405.5 abc	126.8 a	532.3 abc
	W	N₀	363.6 bc	-	363.6 e
		N₁	331.9 c	-	331.9 e
		N₂	492.1 a	-	492.1 cd
		N₃	457.8 a	-	457.8 d
		N₄	459.7 a	-	459.7 d
显著性（P值）Significance（P value）
种植模式 Cropping pattern (C)			NS	-	**
施氮水平 N application rate (N)			**	-	**
种植模式×施氮水平 C×N			*	-	*

处理 Treatments	2019			2020
处理 Treatments	总产值 Gross output (yuan/hm²)	纯收益 Net benefit (yuan/hm²)	产投比 Output/input	总产值 Gross output (yuan/hm²)	纯收益 Net benefit (yuan/hm²)	产投比 Output/input
W-G-N₀	22514 c	11536 de	2.05 cd	21158 d	9118 ef	1.76de
W-G-N₁	22320 c	11179 e	2.00 d	23982 a	11771 c	1.96 cd
W-G-N₂	23331 b	12146 cd	2.09cd	22004 bc	9749 de	1.80 de
W-G-N₃	25445 a	14215 a	2.27 c	24047 a	11747 c	1.96 cd
W-G-N₄	25083 a	13808 ab	2.22cd	20686 d	8341 f	1.68 e
W-N₀	18958 f	11465 de	2.53 b	18881 e	10641 d	2.29 b
W-N₁	21576 d	13920 ab	2.82 a	21328 cd	12918 b	2.54 a
W-N₂	21373 de	13672 ab	2.78 a	17910 f	9455 e	2.12 c
W-N₃	20693 e	12948 bc	2.71ab	22412 b	13912 a	2.64 a
W-N₄	20776 e	12986 bc	2.72 ab	22479 b	13933 a	2.63 a

Water Utilization and Economic Benefit of Wheat Multiple Cropping with Green Manure Under Nitrogen Reduction in Hexi Irrigation Area of Northwest China

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