Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (14): 2776-2786.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.14.012

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Mechanism Underlying the Improved Quality of Bagged Fruits in Ponkan

SHI Ying1,3(), CHEN SiYi2, ZENG YiKe1, TANG Jun3, LI DiPing3, LI GuoJing2, HUANG XianBiao2, LI ChunLong1, XIE ZongZhou1, LIU JiHong1()   

  1. 1 Huazhong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070
    2 Technology Promotion Center of Dangyang Special Agricultural Industry, Dangyang 444100, Hubei
    3 Shaoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaoyang 422002, Hunan
  • Received:2022-10-27 Accepted:2023-02-13 Online:2023-07-16 Published:2023-07-21
  • Contact: LIU JiHong

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Abstract:

【Background】 Ponkan (Citrus reticulata) is an important loose-skin tangerine in China. Egan No. 1 Ponkan is widely grown in Dangyang City, Hubei Province. When this cultivar is used for producing fruit, the major problem is that advanced harvesting leads to undesirable fruit quality, and thus, to a negative impact on consumer appeal. Therefore, the industry has a critical need for the technologies that allow growers to delay harvest until Egan No. 1 Ponkan fruit is fully mature. 【Objective】 In this study, whether bagging improves the quality of fruit produced by Egan No. 1 Ponkan was tested, and the underlying mechanism by examining the expression levels of genes involved in sucrose and citric acid metabolism was analyzed. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in orchards that produce Egan No. 1 located in Banyue Town, Dangyang City, Hubei Province, to compare the qualities of fruit that were produced after bagging to control fruit that was not bagged. The indexes were compared, including peel brightness (L*), color parameters a*, b*, citrus color index (CCI), total soluble solids, titratable acids, soluble sugars and organic acids. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of the genes associated with sucrose and citric acid metabolism. 【Result】The bagging induced changes in peel color parameters, including changes in a*, b*, CCI, increased L*, and significantly reduced peel firmness. The bagging significantly increased the total soluble solid content when the fruit was harvested, and the sucrose, fructose and glucose levels were significantly elevated. A gas chromatography analysis showed that the levels of citric acid, the major organic acid in citrus fruits, was slightly higher in the bagged fruits relative to the control fruit. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of three genes associated with sucrose biosynthesis (CsSPS3, CsSPS4 and CsSS2) were significantly higher in the bagged fruit relative to the control fruit. In contrast, the expression levels of genes implicated in citric acid catabolism, such as CsACO1, were remarkably downregulated in the bagged fruit. 【Conclusion】Taken together, these data indicated that the bagging improved the quality of Ponkan fruit possibly by changing the ambient temperature and humidity in the micro-milieu of the bagged fruits, which might have elevated the expression levels of genes that influence soluble sugar content and led to better sugar accumulation and improved fruit quality of Ponkan.

Key words: Ponkan, bagging, fruit quality

Table 1

List of primers for quantitative real-time PCR"

基因
Gene name		 描述
Description		 引物序列Primer sequence (5'-3') 序列ID或参考文献
Sequence ID or reference
正向Forward 反向Reverse
SS1 蔗糖合成酶
Sucrose synthase		 ACCAGTAGTTCATGCCACCG GCGAAAAGGACCACCCTGTA orange1.1t02742.2
SS2 GTTGAAAGGCACTGACACGC CCAATGGAGGGGGTTTTGCT Cs6g21370.1
SS3 CTTCAACGGGTTCCTCTGCT TTCCCACAGGTGTTTTCGGT Cs2g03070.1
SS4 AGCGTGTGGTAATGCTGGAA TGCCTTAGCCAGCAATCCTT Cs2g03790.1
SPS1 蔗糖磷酸合成酶
Sucrose phosphate synthase		 TCTCCACCGTTCCTGGGTTA ACGACGTTTCGCCATTCTCT Cs4g05380.1
SPS2 TTTCATGGCCTGAGCACTGT CGTTTTTGTCGCCTTCCAGG Cs4g05380.1
SPS3 CGCATTTGGCATCTTACCCG CCTTGTTCCCGCTCCAATCT orange1.1t03668.1
SPS4 ATATGTGCTGGCGCATTTGG CGGCATCATTACGACCTTGC Cs5g19060.1
Aco1 顺乌头酸酶
Aconitase		 TGAGAGATTTAGTATTGATCT AACTCTCACATTTTACAACCG [14]
Aco2 GGCAATGATGAAGTGATGGCT GTTGGAACATGGACCGTCTTT [14]
Aco3 TCCTCCATTAGTTGTTGCT CATGTCAGGTAAGACGCTAG [14]
ACLα1 ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶α亚基
ATP-citrate lyase α subunit		 GATACTGTTGGAGACTTGGG GCTCTCTTACGACCATCAGG [15]
ACLα2 TACAGTGGAGCACCCAACGA CCTTCAGGGCTTGGATTATG [15]
ACLβ ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶β亚基
ATP-citrate lyase β subunit		 GAGGAGATAACAGAGACAAA AACAAAGAGCCCATTCAGAT [15]
NADP-IDH1 NADP+依赖型异柠檬酸脱氢酶
NADP+dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase		 GAAAATTGGGGATTGGGATT CAACAGAGGTGCAGCTCAAA [16]
NADP-IDH2 CAGCGGACATGTGAACAATC CCGTCCATTTCAACGATAGG [16]
NADP-IDH3 TACCGGGTTCATCAGAAAGG AGGCTGCTTCCAGTTTCTCA [16]
Actin 内参基因 Reference gene CCGACCGTATGAGCAAGGAAA TTCCTGTGGACAATGGATGGA

Fig. 1

Effects of bagging on the color parameters, including L* (A), a* (B), b* (C) and fruit color index (D), fruit firmness (E), fruit exterior appearance (F)"

Fig. 2

Effect of bagging on total soluble solids (A) and titratable acids (B) of Ponkan fruit"

Fig. 3

Effects of bagging on content of sucrose (A), fructose (B), glucose (C) and citric acid (D)"

Fig. 4

Effects of bagging on expression levels of CsSPSs encoding sucrose phosphate synthase (A) and CsSSs encoding sucrose synthase (B)"

Fig. 5

Effects of bagging on expression levels of ATP-citrate lyase-coding gene CsACLs (A), aconitase-coding gene CsACOs (B) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-coding gene CsNADP-IDHs (C)"

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