Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 729-740.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.011

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Color Fruit Bags on Quality of Ruixue Apple Fruits

WANG ZiDun(), WANG Hui, FENG YuChen, ZHANG XueLiang, YAN LeiYu, LIU XiaoJie, ZHAO ZhengYang()   

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University/Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Apple, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2022-04-19 Accepted:2022-08-12 Online:2023-02-16 Published:2023-02-24

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different color of fruit bags on the fruit quality of Ruixue apple (Malus × domestica Ruixue), so as to provide the theoretical guidance and technical support for the production of high-quality Ruixue apples. 【Method】The experimental materials were five-year-old trees of Ruixue using M26 as rootstock, bagged with red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple single-layer fruit bags at 70 days after full bloom, with white bags as control. The fruits were harvested at 190 days after full bloom. The transmitted light spectrum of bags was measured by spectrometer. The indicators of fruit quality were determined, such as peel chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and aroma compounds contents. To explore the effects of different light qualities on fruit quality, the relationship between light and fruit quality was analyzed by correlation analysis. 【Result】The difference in the color of the fruit bags changed the composition of the light quality and had a positive correlations between light quality and fruit bags. Compared with white bag control, the transmittances of purple in purple bag were the highest, which were 1.15 times than that in white bag; meanwhile, the transmittances of red in red bag were the highest (1.13 times). The external quality of fruits was significantly improved after the treatment of different color fruit bags. Among the indicators, the L* and b* values of the peel were higher than white bag control, while the a* value, fruit point index and coloration index were lower. Compared with other color fruit bags, some indicators of purple fruit bags were significantly improved (P < 0.05), such as chlorophyll (0.0548 mg·g-1), total phenolic (1.325 mg·g-1), and total flavonoid content of fruits (1.361 mg·g-1). Under different light quality environments, there were significant differences in fruit firmness, and the fruit firmness of the red fruit bag was significantly lower, which was 16.1% lower than white bag control. In addition, other internal quality measurements showed that the indigo fruit bags significantly improved the flavor of the fruits, which improved mainly soluble solids, sugar components and sweetness value. The detection of aroma compounds showed that the blue fruit bag significantly increased the total amount of fruit aroma compounds, which was significantly increased by 2.89 times compared with white bag control. Based on the above indicators, a correlation analysis between light quality and various quality indicators was conducted, and found that there was a close correlation between fruit external quality and light quality. The correlation coefficients between the purple/indigo, orange, and purple/blue values and the L*, a*, and b* values of the peel were 0.901, 0.810, and 0.854, respectively. The internal quality of fruit, such as chlorophyll, total flavonoid, total phenolic and total aroma compounds, were most closely related to blue light, and the correlation coefficients of them with blue light were 0.947, 0.822, 0.851 and 0.757, respectively. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive analysis, purple and blue light were beneficial to improve the external and internal quality of Ruixue apple. Therefore, the transmission amount of purple and blue light could be appropriately increased in the fruit bag during Ruixue bagging cultivation to further improve fruit quality.

Key words: apple, Ruixue, light quality, fruit bags, fruit quality

Fig. 1

The relative transmittances of different color fruit bags under different wavelengths"

Fig. 2

Classification of light quality in fruit bags and its effect on peel coloration"

Table 1

Effects of different color fruit bags on the external quality of Ruixue fruits"

果袋颜色
Fruit bag color
L* a* b* 叶绿素
Chlorophyll
content (mg·g-1)
果点指数
Fruit spot
index (%)
光洁指数
Peel smooth
index (%)
着色指数
Peel coloration index (%)
红Red 68.64±1.26a -9.90±0.55ab 31.27±0.81ab 0.0533±0.0002bc 9.76 20.33 13.01
橙Orange 68.22±0.47a -10.48±1.21ab 31.52±0.56a 0.0508±0.0002de 20.63 17.46 12.63
黄Yellow 68.93±0.15a -10.22±0.75ab 32.24±0.79a 0.0505±0.0003e 14.29 17.14 14.48
绿Green 68.09±0.83a -11.77±0.94b 31.14±0.67ab 0.0522±0.0005cd 13.73 16.67 13.71
靛Indigo 67.14±1.12a -11.37±0.20b 31.25±0.60ab 0.0537±0.0006abc 25.00 22.92 12.58
蓝Blue 67.43±1.24a -11.36±0.60b 31.14±1.21ab 0.0538±0.0009abc 18.89 25.56 11.11
紫Purple 68.54±1.66a -10.95±0.98b 31.07±0.42ab 0.0548±0.0022ab 26.32 21.05 10.05
白White 65.45±1.12b -8.82±2.71a 30.03±1.45b 0.0554±0.0003a 35.56 20.00 63.33

Fig. 3

Effects of different color fruit bags on the internal quality of Ruixue fruits"

Table 2

Effects of different color fruit bags on the internal quality of Ruixue fruits"

果袋颜色
Fruit bag color
硬度
Hardness
(kg·cm-2)
可溶性固形物
Soluble solid
Content (%)
可滴定酸
Tiratable acidity content (%)
固酸比
Ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity
Vc Content
(mg/100 g)
红Red 6.85±0.57d 14.56±0.44b 0.235±0.016ab 62.30±5.86bc 8.45±0.16a
橙Orange 7.09±0.23cd 14.36±1.09b 0.204±0.039b 72.02±11.03ab 8.35±0.08ab
黄Yellow 7.01±0.32d 14.96±0.45b 0.228±0.036ab 66.78±9.47abc 7.47±0.33cd
绿Green 7.80±0.53ab 15.08±0.53b 0.202±0.021b 76.09±7.83a 7.26±0.32d
靛Indigo 7.51±0.29bc 16.18±0.79a 0.266±0.038a 61.49±6.89c 7.85±0.54bc
蓝Blue 7.28±0.38cd 15.26±1.04b 0.258±0.016a 59.09±1.63c 7.97±0.22abc
紫Purple 7.07±0.38cd 14.66±0.54b 0.242±0.034ab 61.31±6.63c 7.74±0.20cd
白White 8.16±0.84a 15.05±0.71b 0.258±0.038a 58.78±9.07c 7.95±0.36abc

Table 3

Effects of different color fruit bags on the soluble sugar content of Ruixue fruits"

果袋颜色
Fruit bag color
果糖
Fructose content
(mg·g-1)
蔗糖
Sucrose content
(mg·g-1)
葡萄糖
Glucose content
(mg·g-1)
山梨醇
Sorbitol content
(mg·g-1)
总糖
Soluble sugar content (mg·g-1)
甜度值
Sweetness value
红Red 54.79±0.42bc 46.12±1.64bc 18.10±0.98cde 4.22±0.31f 123.23 156.36
橙Orange 57.63±0.90a 43.29±0.34d 21.97±1.21a 4.54±0.27ef 127.43 161.34
黄Yellow 55.47±1.06bc 49.55±1.84a 16.34±1.37e 4.79±0.19def 126.15 159.98
绿Green 53.22±0.60cd 46.14±0.83bc 19.48±1.65bcd 5.16±0.47de 124.00 154.98
靛Indigo 58.39±2.11a 48.59±2.37ab 17.46±0.83de 7.60±0.34a 132.04 166.03
蓝Blue 55.13±1.08bc 44.55±1.73cd 19.88±1.56abc 6.22±0.54b 125.78 157.43
紫Purple 52.47±1.29d 47.80±0.84ab 16.33±0.98e 5.30±0.27cd 121.90 153.17
白White 58.16±0.84a 43.92±0.61cd 21.01±1.32ab 5.82±0.34bc 128.90 162.73

Fig. 4

Content of main aroma substances in different color fruit bags NA: The substance has not been detected"

Fig. 5

Correlation analysis of light quality and fruits quality 1: L*; 2: a*; 3: b*; 4: Hardness; 5: Total soluble solid; 6: Titratable acidity; 7: Ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity; 8: Chlorophyll; 9: Total flavonoids; 10: Total flavonoids; 11: Total phenolic; 12: Sorbitol; 13: Total aroma content; 14: Peel smooth index. A: Blue; B: Indigo; C: Green; D: Yellow; E: Orange; F: Red; G: Purple/Blue; H: Purple/Indigo; I: Purple/Yellow; J: Purple/Orange; K: Purple/Red; L: Blue/Indigo; M: Blue/Green; N: Blue/Yellow; O: Blue/Orange; P: Blue/Red; Q: Indigo/Green; R: Indigo/Yellow; S: Indigo/Orange; T: Indigo/Red; U: Green/Yellow; V: Green/Orange; W: Green/Red; X: Yellow/Orange"

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