施钾水平对纽荷尔脐橙养分、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.20.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the effects of different potassium application levels on nutrient absorption, fruit yield and quality and determined the appropriate amount of potassium application, which provided a theoretical basis for the scientific application of potassium fertilizer for Newhall navel orange.【Method】Six different potassium application levels, including K0 (0 K₂O), K1 (0.38 kg/plant), K2 (0.64 kg/plant), K3 (0.89 kg/plant), K4 (1.28 kg/plant) and K5 (1.40 kg/plant), were performed to study its effects on nutrient absorption of branches, leaves and fruit, fruit quality and yield by using 7-year-old Newhall navel orange grafted on Poncirus trifoliata (L.) .【Result】The dry matter accumulation of leaves and branches of Newhall navel orange in different periods were similar among different groups, while spring shoots were higher than autumn shoots as well as leaves higher than branches. Dry matter quality of leaves and branches were increased first and then decreased with the increased potassium level. The nitrogen fertilizer enhanced the nutrient absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in spring shoots with a peak level under K2 treatment, and it also similarly increased the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in autumn shoot with lower level in K5 group than that in K0 group. Potassium had no significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of fruit. Maximum nitrogen removal was found under K3 treatment, and then phosphorus and potassium were found under K2 treatment. The amount of fruit nutrient removal was nitrogen ≈ potassium > phosphorus. Potassium application first enhanced the yield and single fruit weight, and then decreased, and the highest level of yield under K2 treatment was higher than that under K0 treatment. Potassium application made the fruit redder with the best effect under K3 treatment. Potassium application first thinned the pericarp and then thickened with the thinnest level under K2 treatment. Potassium application first enhanced the vitamin C content, and then decreased with the highest level under K3 treatment. The maximum soluble sugar content was found under K3 treatment, and the minimum titratable acid content was found under K2 treatment. Potassium application first enhanced the soil organic matter and available N, and then decreased at the highest level under K1 and K3 treatment, respectively. Potassium application first decreased the soil available P, and then enhanced at the highest level under K4 treatment, and then decreased. Potassium application under K4 treatment could maximize the content of available potassium in the soil, and the most of the available potassium was distributed in the surface soil (0-20 cm) and tended to accumulate in the deep soil (60—80 cm). Correlation analysis showed that the potassium content in spring leaves was significantly positively corrected with the total nitrogen and potassium content of fruit and was significantly negatively correlated with fruit firmness. The potassium content in autumn shoots was significantly positively correlated with yield and TSS content, and the potassium content in autumn twigs was significantly negatively correlated with the thickness of peel. The soil available K content was significantly negatively correlated with the total nitrogen and potassium content of fruit, and was significantly negatively correlated with fruit hardness.【Conclusion】These results indicated that the pure potassium oxide application rate was 0.64 to 0.89 kg/plant to ensure high level of yield and fruit quality, and to facilitate nutrient absorption and utilization of Newhall navel orange tree while maintaining high soil fertility. At the same time, the risk of soil potassium accumulation and pollution was reduced.

Key words: Newhall navel orange, potassium application level, nutrition, fruit yield, fruit quality

ZHANG Ji,LI JunJie,WAN LianJie,YANG JiangBo,ZHENG YongQiang,LÜ Qiang,XIE RangJin,MA YanYan,DENG Lie,YI ShiLai. Effects of Potassium Application Levels on Nutrient, Yield and Quality of Newhall Navel Orange[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(20): 4271-4286.

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References 36

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枝梢类型 Shoot type	处理 Treatment	叶片 Leave (g_/plant)			枝条 Twig (g_/plant)
枝梢类型 Shoot type	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
春梢 Spring shoot	K0	12.69±2.43e	1.41±0.28d	8.19±1.50d	1.70±0.34c	0.40±0.08d	0.75±0.14c
	K1	16.47±1.68d	1.74±0.17c	12.75±1.07c	2.44±0.29b	0.68±0.05c	1.08±0.08b
	K2	26.32±1.30a	2.76±0.12a	18.18±0.66a	3.75±0.15a	1.00±0.02a	1.68±0.03a
	K3	24.32±1.40ab	2.29±0.13b	15.99±0.77b	3.82±0.10a	0.95±0.05a	1.62±0.23a
	K4	19.69±0.60c	2.02±0.05bc	15.06±0.12b	2.82±0.22b	0.79±0.09b	1.30±0.24b
	K5	22.50±0.23b	2.09±0.17b	15.81±1.60b	2.55±0.16b	0.68±0.04c	1.10±0.08b
秋梢 Autumn shoot	K0	12.48±0.23c	2.33±0.04c	5.35±0.16c	1.33±0.04c	0.31±0.00d	0.57±0.01d
	K1	14.36±1.47bc	2.58±0.14bc	6.91±0.09b	1.87±0.06b	0.41±0.01c	0.76±0.02c
	K2	20.31±1.46a	3.86±0.23a	10.43±0.81a	2.37±0.12a	0.56±0.03a	1.14±0.06a
	K3	16.34±1.85b	2.86±0.28b	7.25±0.34b	2.19±0.16a	0.48±0.04b	0.87±0.10b
	K4	12.59±0.91c	2.32±0.11c	7.07±0.72b	1.81±0.19b	0.38±0.05c	0.78±0.06bc
	K5	9.64±1.12d	1.70±0.13d	4.71±0.71c	1.34±0.12c	0.28±0.03d	0.54±0.06d

处理 Treatment	纵径 Vertical diameter (mm)	横径 Transverse diameter (mm)	果形指数 Shape index
K0	72.01±3.89a	69.10±2.34a	1.04±0.03a
K1	70.11±2.87a	70.52±1.55a	0.99±0.05b
K2	70.33±2.62a	70.55±2.21a	1.00±0.04ab
K3	70.46±3.78a	69.02±2.90a	1.02±0.02ab
K4	70.55±4.05a	68.03±4.33a	1.04±0.02ab
K5	70.80±2.74a	70.38±2.13a	1.01±0.03ab

养分 Nutrient	方程 Equation	顶点Peak point		R2
养分 Nutrient	方程 Equation	施肥量 Fertilizer application	养分量 Nutrient amount	R2
N	y=-36.1x²+54.6x+26.7	0.76	47.42	0.89
P₂O?	y=-8.8x²+14.0x+6.3	0.79	11.92	0.98
K₂O	y=-38.6x²+61.4x+22.6	0.80	47.03	0.96

处理Treatment	L	a	b	a/b
K0	76.22±0.85b	28.64±3.12a	43.29±1.26b	0.66±0.08a
K1	77.52±2.19b	24.16±7.78ab	45.12±2.71b	0.54±0.20ab
K2	80.17±2.44a	18.71±8.59b	48.34±3.03a	0.39±0.19b
K3	76.09±1.34b	29.36±3.62a	44.80±1.30b	0.66±0.09a
K4	77.1±1.00b	25.12±1.83ab	44.71±1.06b	0.56±0.05a
K5	75.37±0.36b	29.07±2.33a	43.54±0.37b	0.67±0.06a

处理 Treatment	果皮厚度 Pericarp thickness (mm)	果实硬度 Fruit firmness (N)	可食率 Edible rate (%)	出汁率 Juice productivity (%)
K0	4.13±0.33a	25.01±1.75b	69.74±1.64a	50.42±4.09bc
K1	4.01±0.24a	27.65±4.10b	71.59±1.42a	54.74±1.50a
K2	4.06±0.11a	35.32±3.97a	71.80±1.60a	51.66±2.13abc
K3	4.09±0.50a	25.08±3.19b	69.32±2.03a	47.77±3.27c
K4	4.17±0.34a	26.00±1.96b	69.64±2.04a	47.66±4.40c
K5	4.48±0.17a	24.58±1.63b	70.36±1.64a	53.03±1.59ab

Effects of Potassium Application Levels on Nutrient, Yield and Quality of Newhall Navel Orange

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处理 Treatment	可溶性糖 TSS (%)	可滴定酸 TA (%)	固酸比 TSS/TA	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	维生素C Vitamin C (mg?L^-1)
K0	11.68±0.50ab	1.07±0.10ab	10.91±0.63bc	5.81±0.30a	553.19±29.67a
K1	11.95±0.33ab	0.91±0.09c	12.59±1.88a	5.61±0.32a	568.87±16.12a
K2	11.43±0.39b	1.05±0.05ab	10.52±1.07bc	5.46±1.00a	574.77±32.61a
K3	12.14±0.42a	1.11±0.08ab	10.99±0.44bc	5.68±0.16a	582.52±20.74a
K4	11.46±0.21b	1.14±0.05a	10.06±0.45c	5.78±0.51a	543.58±62.83a
K5	11.90±0.49ab	1.01±0.10bc	11.89±0.83ab	6.00±0.28a	533.47±54.31a

处理 Treatment	pH	容重 Bulk density (g?cm^-3)	含水量 Water content (%)	有机质 Organic matter (g?kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg?kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg?kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg?kg^-1)
K0	5.75±0.25a	1.87±0.03a	3.36±0.29a	20.03±4.32ab	129.08±15.28a	140.41±55.55ab	176.27±30.85c
K1	5.58±0.33a	1.92±0.05a	3.26±0.21ab	21.99±2.79a	128.6±11.40a	96.11±39.36b	252.03±49.36bc
K2	5.46±0.28a	1.88±0.07a	2.97±0.29bc	20.02±2.40ab	132.66±20.09a	141.49±60.3ab	423.71±133.09a
K3	5.73±0.16a	1.85±0.04a	2.76±0.17cd	20.16±1.56ab	135.49±15.74a	163.56±47.25ab	385.40±151.37ab
K4	5.93±0.46a	1.85±0.03a	2.93±0.35cd	19.59±5.87ab	125.82±27.88a	183.8±45.17a	527.98±79.66a
K5	5.57±0.35a	1.82±0.05a	2.62±0.08d	14.88±3.74b	127.76±45.96a	125.28±71.84ab	485.20±151.56a

成分 Parameter	果实养分含量 Nutrient content in fruit			果实带走养分量 Nutrient removal amount of fruit
成分 Parameter	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
春梢叶片钾含量 Potassium content in spring leaves	0.205	0.394	0.561^*	0.821^**	0.566^*	0.888^**
春梢枝条钾含量 Potassium content in spring twigs	-0.025	0.397	0.263	0.580^*	0.418	0.691^**
秋梢叶片钾含量 Potassium content in autumn leaves	0.030	0.170	-0.146	0.253	-0.014	0.462
秋梢枝条钾含量 Potassium content in autumn twigs	0.068	0.156	-0.056	0.356	0.079	0.540^*
土壤速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content	-0.043	-0.081	-0.524^*	-0.739^**	-0.373	-0.745^**

成分 Parameter	产量 Yield	单果重 SFW	TSS	TA	TSS/TA	Vc	果皮厚度Thickness	硬度Firmness
春梢叶片钾含量 Potassium content in spring leaves	0.449	0.641^*	0.228	0.210	-0.015	-0.175	-0.033	0.493^*
春梢枝条钾含量 Potassium content in spring twigs	0.630^*	0.815^**	0.458	0.144	0.012	0.090	-0.368	0.292
秋梢叶片钾含量 Potassium content in autumn leaves	0.648^**	0.631^*	0.598^**	-0.011	0.250	0.373	-0.455	-0.048
秋梢枝条钾含量 Potassium content in autumn twigs	0.743^**	0.693^**	0.641^**	0.100	0.216	0.382	-0.489^*	-0.048
土壤速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content	0.059	-0.189	0.002	-0.415	0.099	0.417	-0.199	-0.693^**

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