不同砧木对多主干树形‘瑞香红’苹果幼树树体生长及果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.14.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of Ruixianghong apple tree with multi-stem shape, which could provide a theoretical basis for the production of Ruixianghong apple with suitable rootstock and multi-stem shape. 【Method】 The three years old of Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1, Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo, and Ruixianghong/M9T337 with multi-stem shape were used as test materials. The tree height, branch composition, annual branches growth, photosynthetic characteristics, mineral element content and fruit quality of different rootstock-scion combinations were detected and analyzed from April 2023 to March 2024. 【Result】 The results demonstrated that the tree height, graft compatibility, branch numbers, annual branch growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo were significantly higher than that of Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 and Ruixianghong/M9T337, with a relatively vigorous growth of vegetative organs. The growth potential of Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 was slightly lower than that of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo, while higher than Ruixianghong/M9T337, which could better maintain the fruit shape, with the higher fruit hardness and storage quality, but the fruit yield declined, and the organic acid content increased. Ruixianghong/M9T337 had higher proportion of short branches, which balanced the vegetative growth of each part of the canopy, leading to higher yield and better fruit quality. There were apparent differences of the mineral element content in the new shoot leaves of three kinds of rootstock-scion combinations during spring and autumn shoot growing periods. The content of N, Mg, Fe, B in leaves of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo and Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 were significantly higher than that of Ruixianghong/M9T337, and the Mn and Zn content in leaves of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo and Ruixianghong/ Qingzhen 1 leaves were significantly higher than that of Ruixianghong/M9T337 during spring shoot growing period, while the content of P, K, Mo, and Cu in Ruixianghong/M9T337 leaves were higher than the other two rootstock-scion combinations, while Mn and Zn contens in leaves of Ruixianghong/M9T337 were also higher than the other two rootstock-scion combinations. 【Conclusion】 In summary, Ruixianghong/M9T337 combination with multi-stem shape had the best dwarfing effect, with higher yield and better fruit quality, but the tree potential was lower, with a reduced stress tolerance. The Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo combination had higher graft compatibility, growing potential, with a better tree density, stress tolerance and fruit quality in combined with the multi-stem shape.

Key words: apple, rootstock scion combinations, multi-stem shape, shoot growth, fruit quality

ZENG YanXin, GONG HaoNan, YOU ChunXiang, LU JingSheng, GAO WenSheng, WANG XiaoFei. Effects of Different Rootstocks on Growth and Fruit Quality of Young Ruixianghong Apple Trees with Multi-Stem Shape[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(14): 2847-2861.

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年份 Year	砧木 Rootstock	树高 Tree height (m)	砧木粗度 Rootstock diameter (mm)	接穗粗度 Scion thickness (mm)	穗砧粗度比 Ratio of main stem to scion thickness	主枝数 Number of boughs (No.)
2023	瑞香红/青砧1号 Ruixianghong/Qingzhen1	2.71±0.11b	48.97±2.84ab	42.50±1.19b	0.87±0.05b	8.25±0.75b
	瑞香红/圆叶海棠 Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo	3.06±0.14a	51.97±1.38a	50.04±1.39a	0.96±0.03a	9.08±0.67a
	瑞香红/M9T337 Ruixianghong/M9T337	2.16±0.08c	46.19±2.83b	33.26±1.94c	0.72±0.06c	6.75±0.62c
2024	瑞香红/青砧1号 Ruixianghong/Qingzhen1	3.42±0.06a	66.13±9.38a	62.30±7.16b	0.95±0.06a	9.33±1.21ab
	瑞香红/圆叶海棠 Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var. ringo	3.52±0.07a	75.62±8.78a	72.58±8.31a	0.96±0.09a	9.83±1.17a
	瑞香红/M9T337 Ruixianghong/M9T337	3.08±0.12b	67.38±8.38a	43.37±3.62c	0.65±0.06b	8.17±0.75b

年份 Year	砧木 Rootstock	长枝 Long branches (%)	中枝 Medium branches (%)	短枝 Short branches (%)	总枝量 Total number of branches (No.)
2023	瑞香红/青砧1号 Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1	15.69±6.00a	49.38±2.97a	34.93±5.39b	82.00±8.19 b
	瑞香红/圆叶海棠 Ruixianghong/ Malus prunifolia var. ringo	15.00±2.58a	31.42±3.86b	53.58±3.81a	122.33±4.93 a
	瑞香红/M9T337 Ruixianghong/M9T337	10.45±3.35a	34.53±1.12b	55.03±2.42a	45.33±3.51 c
2024	瑞香红/青砧1号 Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1	21.82±3.52ab	33.84±3.38a	44.34±5.51b	205.33±24.32b
	瑞香红/圆叶海棠 Ruixianghong/ Malus prunifolia var. ringo	25.14±5.30a	30.05±3.32a	44.81±4.05b	244.33±22.45a
	瑞香红/M9T337 Ruixianghong/M9T337	17.40±2.83b	28.71±5.80a	54.93±5.82a	183.50±13.49b

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Growth and Fruit Quality of Young Ruixianghong Apple Trees with Multi-Stem Shape

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