‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄一年两收果实类黄酮组分及含量差异分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 3-year-old Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation was used as the material to investigate the differences of physical and chemical indexes of basic quality, flavonoid components and contents between summer grape and winter grape, which would provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation.【Method】The climatic data, such as the sunshine duration, light intensity, temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period of Shine Muscat grape, were recorded. The physical and chemical indexes of basic quality in berries of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat were determined at the young fruit stage, expansion stage, softening stage, beginning maturity stage, and maturity stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the components and contents of flavonols and flavanols in the peel of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat grape were detected by LC-MS/MS.【Result】In terms of the climate factors, the summer grape of Shine Muscat displayed weak illumination and low temperature at early growth stage but strong illumination and high temperature at late growth stage of the whole developing period, while the winter grape was opposite. The average sunshine duration, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature in the growth period of summer grape were higher than those of winter grape, but the rainfall was lower than that of winter grape. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer grape was higher than that of winter grape from the beginning of maturity stage to maturity stage. In terms of the basic quality, the content of soluble solid of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape at maturity stage, and the peel thickness of summer grape was significantly lower than that of winter grape. There was no significant difference in the single berry weight, fruit equatorial and longitudinal diameter and titratable acid content between summer and winter grape. In terms of the components and contents of flavonols, the content of total flavonols in peels of summer and winter grape showed a downward trend during the fruit developing stage. The content of total flavonols in different periods of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape. The main flavonol in summer grape was quercetin-3-O-glucoside, while the main flavonol in winter grape was kaempferol-3-O-galactoside. In terms of the components and contents of flavanols, the content of total flavanols in summer and winter grape also showed a downward trend. The eight identical flavanols were detected in the peels of both summer and winter grape, and the main flavanols were catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B₁. The contents of total flavanols, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B₁ in summer grape were significantly lower than those in winter grape during fruit development. The contents of gallic catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin B₂at fruit maturation stage of summer grape were significantly higher than those of winter grape. The principal component analysis showed that there were differences in flavonols between summer and winter fruits. The regression analysis showed that catechin, quercetin-3-O-Glucoside and procyanidin B₁ were the main components for distinguishing the flavonoids from summer and winter grapes.【Conclusion】 In the study conducting year, the quality of summer grape of Shine Muscat was better than that of winter grape. During the whole grape developing stage, the content of total flavonols in summer grape was significantly higher than that in winter grape, while the content of total flavanols in summer grape was significantly lower than that in winter grape. The main components of flavonols were different between summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat, while the main components of flavanols were the same, namely catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B₁. The content of the main components of flavanols in winter grapes was significantly higher than that in summer grape, which might probably explained why the astringency taste of winter grape was stronger than that of summer grape. The differences in light and temperature during the growth period may be an important factor that caused the difference in the components and contents of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat.

Key words: Shine Muscat grape, two-crop-a-year, climate, skin, flavonols, flavanols

WANG Bo,QIN FuQiang,DENG FengYing,LUO HuiGe,CHEN XiangFei,CHENG Guo,BAI Yang,HUANG XiaoYun,HAN JiaYu,CAO XiongJun,BAI XianJin. Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4473-4486.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Meteorological factors at different phenological stages in summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat grape"

平均日照时数指每个物候期大于2 000 lx的光照时间；平均温度指每个物候期的日平均温度；有效积温=∑Ti(Ti≥10℃)，Ti指的是日平均温度；水热系数=∑P/(∑Ti*0.1)，∑P：降雨量，∑Ti：有效积温

Average sunshine duration is the sunshine duration greater than 2 000 lx per phenophase; Average temperature means the average temperature of each phenophase; Effective accumulated temperature calculated as T =∑Ti(Ti≥10℃), and Ti was average daily temperature; Hydrothermic coefficient calculated as K=∑P/(∑Ti×0.1), ∑P was total rainfall and ∑Ti was active accumulated temperature

物候期 Phenological period	季节 Season	平均日照时数Average sunshine hours (h)	平均温度 Average temperature (℃)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	有效积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	水热系数K Hydrothermal coefficient
Ⅰ (E-L4—E-L18 )	夏果 Summer grape	10.73	23.15	71.00	757.20	0.94
Ⅰ (E-L4—E-L18 )	冬果 Winter grape	11.58	28.34	102.20	637.03	1.60
Ⅱ (E-L19—E-L26)	夏果 Summer grape	11.13	24.16	3.50	168.40	0.21
Ⅱ (E-L19—E-L26)	冬果 Winter grape	11.22	25.94	52.20	145.57	3.59
Ⅲ (E-L27—E-L31)	夏果 Summer grape	11.64	27.27	93.80	697.60	1.34
Ⅲ (E-L27—E-L31)	冬果 Winter grape	11.21	23.55	7.00	593.91	0.12
Ⅳ (E-L32—E-L33)	夏果 Summer grape	12.15	30.31	40.80	453.80	0.90
Ⅳ (E-L32—E-L33)	冬果 Winter grape	10.14	23.32	141.20	457.97	3.08
Ⅴ (E-L34—E-L35)	夏果 Summer grape	12.13	30.34	154.80	981.70	1.58
Ⅴ (E-L34—E-L35)	冬果 Winter grape	9.51	17.13	84.60	869.57	0.97
Ⅵ (E-L36—E-L37)	夏果 Summer grape	12.65	30.51	35.00	473.80	0.74
Ⅵ (E-L36—E-L37)	冬果 Winter grape	9.02	15.46	34.60	379.06	0.91
Ⅶ (E-L38—E-L39)	夏果 Summer grape	11.96	29.28	39.40	275.60	1.43
Ⅶ (E-L38—E-L39)	冬果 Winter grape	8.65	14.22	4.60	144.87	0.32
Total (E-L4—E-L39)	夏果 Summer grape	11.70	27.67	438.30	3808.10	1.99
Total (E-L4—E-L39)	冬果 Winter grape	10.05	21.07	457.20	3227.99	1.45

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Table 5

Changes of flavanol components and content during the berries development of summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat grape (mg·kg-1)"

代谢物 Metabolite	季节 Season	E-L31	E-L33	E-L35	E-L36	E-L38
儿茶素 Catechin	夏果 Summer grape	11.98±0.28a	11.79±0.28a	3.61±0.27b	2.02±0.17c	1.36±0.10d
儿茶素 Catechin	冬果 Winter grape	29.13±0.83a*	19.15±0.23b*	11.99±0.17c*	5.99±0.80d*	5.02±0.25e*
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	夏果 Summer grape	0.38±0.02c	0.64±0.01b	0.73±0.02a	0.77±0.05a	0.74±0.02a
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	冬果 Winter grape	0.89±0.02b*	0.80±0.02b*	1.25±0.06a*	1.20±0.19a*	1.12±0.07a*
没食子儿茶素 Gallocatechin	夏果 Summer grape	0.28±0.01b	0.49±0.01a*	0.29±0.01b	0.22±0.01c	0.22±0.01c*
没食子儿茶素 Gallocatechin	冬果 Winter grape	0.50±0.03a*	0.42±0.01b	0.29±0.01c	0.24±0.01d	0.19±0.01e
表没食子儿茶素 Epigallocatechin	夏果 Summer grape	0.18±0.01c	0.29±0.01a*	0.20±0.01b	0.18±0.01c	0.18±0.01c*
表没食子儿茶素 Epigallocatechin	冬果 Winter grape	0.17±0.01b	0.17±0.01b	0.19±0.01a	0.17±0.01b	0.15±0.01c
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	夏果 Summer grape	0.84±0.03a	0.66±0.01b	0.59±0.01c	0.60±0.01c	0.58±0.001c*
表儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	冬果 Winter grape	1.13±0.04a*	0.67±0.01b	0.65±0.01b*	0.66±0.01b*	0.57±0.001c
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epigallocatechin gallate	夏果 Summer grape	0.93±0.02a	0.83±0.01b*	0.79±0.01d	0.81±0.01c	0.79±0.01d*
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 Epigallocatechin gallate	冬果 Winter grape	1.09±0.03a*	0.77±0.01d	0.83±0.02c*	0.87±0.01b*	0.76±0.01d
原花青素B₁ Procyanidin B₁	夏果 Summer grape	4.75±0.54a	4.16±0.12a	3.18±0.23b	2.64±0.25bc	2.26±0.17c
原花青素B₁ Procyanidin B₁	冬果 Winter grape	12.43±0.71a*	7.92±0.28b*	6.57±0.06c*	3.95±0.30d*	3.44±0.05d*
原花青素B₂ Procyanidin B₂	夏果 Summer grape	0.19±0.03c	0.36±0.03a	0.27±0.02b	0.28±0.01b*	0.27±0.03b*
原花青素B₂ Procyanidin B₂	冬果 Winter grape	0.28±0.04b*	0.39±0.03a	0.19±0.05c	0.01±0.02d	0.01±0.002d
总量 Total content	夏果 Summer grape	19.51±0.73a	19.23±0.38a	9.63±0.54b	7.52±0.48c	6.40±0.28d
总量 Total content	冬果 Winter grape	45.6±1.54a*	30.29±0.35b*	21.96±0.30c*	13.09±1.82d	11.26±0.37e*

Table 5

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 6

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物候期 Phenological period	夏果Summer grape		冬果Winter grape
物候期 Phenological period	日期（月/日） Date (M/D)	天数 Number of days (d)	日期（月/日） Date (M/D)	天数 Number of days (d)
芽顶尖绿色至花帽褪绿期 Ⅰ (E-L4—E-L18)	3/5-4/6	33	8/23-9/13	22
开始开花至花帽完全脱落期 Ⅱ (E-L19—E-L26)	4/7-4/13	7	9/14-9/18	5
幼果直径>2 mm至直径约7 mm期 Ⅲ (E-L27—E-L31)	4/14-5/10	27	9/19-10/10	22
浆果开始封穗至封穗期 Ⅳ (E-L32—E-L33)	5/11-5/25	15	10/11-10/30	20
浆果开始变软至变色期 Ⅴ (E-L34—E-L35)	5/26-6/27	33	10/31-12/10	41
浆果Brix°中等值至未完全成熟期 Ⅵ (E-L36—E-L37)	6/28-7/12	15	12/11-1/7	28
浆果成熟至过熟期 Ⅶ (E-L38—E-L39)	7/13-7/21	9	1/8-1/18	11
全生育期 Total (E-L4—E-L39)	3/5-7/21	139	8/23-1/18	149

代谢物Metabolite	回归方程Regression equation	相关系数Correlation coefficient (R²)
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	y=0.0119x+0.3877	0.9999
儿茶素Catechin	y=0.0006x-2.3247	0.9966
表儿茶素Epicatechin	y=1.00E-09x²+0.0003x+0.305	0.9998
没食子儿茶素Gallocatechin	y=0.0001x+0.2875	0.9997
表没食子儿茶素Epigallocatechin	y=0.0001x+0.2875	0.9997
表儿茶素没食子酸酯Epicatechin-3-O-gallate	y=1E-10x²+0.0001x+1.4108	0.9979
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯Epigallocatechin gallate	y=1E-11x²+6.00E-05x+1.9494	0.9981
原花青素B₁Procyanidin B₁	y=0.0004x-1.9582	0.9969
原花青素B₂Procyanidin B₂	y=0.0005x-1.3177	0.9992

代谢物Metabolite	季节 Season	E-L31	E-L33	E-L35	E-L36	E-L38
槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-galactoside	夏果Summer grape	—	—	—	—	—
槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-galactoside	冬果Winter grape	0.37±0.01a*	0.2±0.01b*	—	—	—
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	夏果Summer grape	18.23±1.34a*	6.27±0.30b*	4.25±0.19c*	3.27±0.10c*	3.37±0.07c*
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	冬果Winter grape	—	—	—	—	—
山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside	夏果Summer grape	0.25±0.01a	—	—	—	—
山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside	冬果Winter grape	2.64±0.16a*	1.46±0.08b*	0.69±0.01c*	0.84±0.08c*	0.71±0.03c*
总量 Total content	夏果Summer grape	18.48±1.34a*	6.27±0.30b*	4.25±0.19c*	3.27±0.10c*	3.37±0.07c*
总量 Total content	冬果Winter grape	3.01±0.18a	1.66±0.09b	0.69±0.01c	0.84±0.08c	0.71±0.03c

化合物 Compound	VIP值 VIP value
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	1.33
儿茶素 Catechin	1.83
原花青素B₁ Procyanidin B₁	1.32

Difference in Flavonoid Composition and Content Between Summer and Winter Grape Berries of Shine Muscat Under Two-Crop-a-Year Cultivation

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