连续秸秆还田对油菜水稻轮作土壤磷素有效性 及作物磷素利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】By exploring the contribution of chemical phosphorus fertilizer and straw returning combined with phosphorus fertilizer to crop productivity, as well as the effect on soil phosphorus availability and phosphorus efficiency under the system of oilseed rape-rice rotation in the Yangtze River, this paper provided a scientific basis for farmland soil phosphorus management.【Method】The experiment was conducted at Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei Province during the period of 2015-2018. Three treatments in the positioning experiment were selected as followed: (1) phosphorus was not applied (NK); (2) phosphorus application (NPK); (3) phosphorus application and straw returning (NPK+S). By measuring crop yield, phosphorus content and soil Olsen-P, the phosphorus use efficiency of crops was analyzed, and the response of soil Olsen-P to P apparent balance was discussed.【Result】The average yield of oilseed rape and rice under NPK treatment increased by 530.3% and 35.9%, respectively, and the P₂O₅ accumulation increased by 495.3% and 98.5%, respectively, compared with NK treatment. The average yield of oilseed rape and rice under NPK+S treatment increased by 19.1% and 11.0%, respectively, and the P₂O₅ accumulation increased by 20.6% and 11.7%, respectively, compared with NPK treatment. The response of oilseed rape yield and P₂O₅ accumulation to phosphorus fertilizer and straw was better than that of rice. Under the condition of straw returning, the average agronomic efficiency of oilseed rape and rice increased by 6.8% and 33.9%, respectively, and the accumulative phosphorus use efficiency of oilseed rape, rice and anniversary increased by 8.6%, 17.0% and 19.8%, respectively. The effect of straw returning on phosphorus use efficiency and agricultural efficiency of rice was more significant. After four years of oilseed rape-rice rotation, the accumulated deficit of phosphorus in soil was 110.2 kg P₂O₅·hm ^-2 under NK treatment, and the Olsen-P was 1.9 mg·kg ^-1. The accumulated phosphorus surplus of soil under NPK treatment was 210.9 kg P₂O₅·hm ^-2, and the Olsen-P (4.3 mg·kg ^-1) was 126.3% higher than that under NK treatment. NPK+S treatment increased the accumulated phosphorus surplus (222.1 kg P₂O₅·hm ^-2) by 5.3%, and the Olsen-P (5.1 mg·kg ^-1) increased by 18.6% compared with NPK treatment. Straw returning significantly increased the soil Olsen-P, but the soil phosphorus surplus did not increase significantly. Under the condition of continuous straw returning and chemical phosphorus fertilizer application, for every 100 kg·hm ^-2 P surplus of paddy soil, soil Olsen-P under NPK and NPKS treatment increased by 1.8 and 2.0 mg·kg ^-1, respectively. Straw returning promoted soil phosphorus availability.【Conclusion】Phosphorus application significantly increased the yield and P₂O₅ accumulation of oilseed rape and rice, and increased the P surplus and the soil Olsen-P. On the basis of phosphorus application, straw returning further increased the yield and P₂O₅ accumulation of oilseed rape and rice, and improved the use efficiency of phosphorus and agricultural efficiency of crops, especially for rice. At the same time, it could increase the soil Olsen-P while avoiding the excessive accumulation of soil phosphorus.

Key words: oilseed rape-rice rotation, straw returning, crop yield, P₂O₅ accumulation, phosphorus efficiency, P apparent balance, Olsen-P

KunKun WANG,ShiPeng LIAO,Tao REN,XiaoKun LI,RiHuan CONG,JianWei LU. Effect of Continuous Straw Returning on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Crop Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Oilseed Rape-Rice Rotation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 94-104.

Figures/Tables 7

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处理 Treatment	油菜季Oilseed rape		水稻季Rice
处理 Treatment	化肥 Chemical fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	秸秆 Straw (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	化肥 Chemical fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)	秸秆 Straw (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)
NK	180-0-75	0-0-0	165-0-75	0-0-0
NPK	180-60-75	0-0-0	165-60-75	0-0-0
NPK+S	180-60-75	61.8-8.9-187.5	165-60-75	20.2-3.4-151.1

Effect of Continuous Straw Returning on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Crop Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Oilseed Rape-Rice Rotation

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