河南省典型农区近地表大气氨时空分布特征及主要影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Ammonia volatilization from cropland is one of the main sources of ammonium salts in atmospheric particulate matter, which has a close impact on urban and rural air quality. The temporal-spatial variation characteristics of near-surface atmospheric ammonia concentration and key influencing factors in a typical agricultural area of Henan Province was conducted systematically, so as to provide the scientific basis for targeted management of atmospheric particulate pollutants in cropland areas.【Method】10 typical cropland areas (wheat-maize rotation areas) in Henan Province were selected to conduct a two-year study on monitoring near-surface ammonia concentration by using the ammonia passive method and investigating its driving factors. 【Result】 In terms of time (seasonality), the highest average near-surface ammonia concentration value was found in summer, with an average of 12.0 μg N·m^-3, followed by spring and autumn, with an average of 10.8 and 8.9 μg N·m^-3, respectively, and the lowest value in winter, with an average of only 6.7 μg N·m^-3. From a spatial perspective, the highest ammonia concentration in the cropland area of Zhengzhou in east Henan was 14.7 μg N·m^-3 on average, followed by Xinxiang and Anyang in north Henan with annual average atmospheric ammonia concentrations of 12.5 and 11.0 μg N·m^-3, respectively. Zhengzhou in central Henan and Jiaozuo in north Henan had near-surface atmospheric ammonia concentrations of 10.9 and 10.6 μg N·m^-3, respectively, while the near-surface atmospheric ammonia concentrations in Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Xuchang, Luohe and Zhoukou in west Henan and south Henan were between 7.9 and 9.6 μg N·m^-3. From the perspective of soil types, among which fluvo-aquic soils had the highest near-surface ammonia concentration, with values ranging from 11.0 to 14.7 μg N·m^-3; the ammonia concentration values in the cinnamon soil and yellow cinnamon soil areas ranged from 9.0 to 9.6 μg N·m^-3; the ammonia concentration in lime concretion lime concretion black soil and yellow brown soil cropland was relatively low, with values ranging from 8.06 to 8.11 μg N·m^-3. The high and low near-surface ammonia concentrations in different regions were the result of multiple factors working together. Among them, there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen fertilizer application rate and soil pH value and near-surface ammonia concentration, while there was a significant negative correlation between rainfall and near-surface ammonia concentration.【Conclusion】Based on the above research results, it was believed that reducing nitrogen application rate could help to systematically reduce the near-surface ammonia concentration in the cropland area of Henan Province, and the cropland area of northern and eastern Henan Province were the key areas of attention.

Key words: wheat-maize rotation areas, near-surface ambient ammonia concentration, temporal-spatial variation characteristics, passive sampling, linear correlation analysis, inverse distance method, Henan Province

LÜ JinLing, YOU Ke, WANG XiaoFei, XIAO Qiang, LI WenFeng, MA Jin, YANG Qing, ZHANG JinPing, KONG HaiJiang, CHANG YunHua. Variation Characteristics and Key Influencing Factors of Near-Surface Ambient Ammonia Concentration in Typical Cropland Areas in Henan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 127-140.

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地点 Location	经度 Latitude	纬度 Longitude	海拔 Altitude(m)	年均气温 Annual mean temperature (℃)	年均降雨量 Average rainfall (mm)	采样时期 Period
新乡Xinxiang, XX	113°35′24″	35°25′27″	76	14.0	573.4	2017.5.10-2019.4.9
平顶山 Pingdinshan, PDS	114°33′48″	36°4′59″	124	14.9	745.8	2017.5.10-2019.4.15
黄泛区 Huangfanqu, HFQ	114°15′13″	34°43′22″	64	14.0	750.0	2017.5.22-2019.6.9
郑州Zhenzhou, ZZ	113°10′13″	35°7′39″	108	14.3	542.2	2017.5.3-2019.3.21
漯河Luohe, LH	113°35′21″	33°27′40″	136	14.6	759.0	2017.5.15-2019.6.13
许昌Xuchang, XC	114°0′49″	34°11′24″	71	14.5	705.6	2017.5.9-2019.4.9
焦作Jiaozhuo, JZ	113°10′13″	35°7′39″	142	14.0	603.5	2017.5.4-2019.4.3
安阳Anyang, AY	114°33′48″	36°4′59″	70	13.5	576.0	2017.5.10-2019.4.8
开封Kaifeng, KF	114°11′47″	34°34′34″	69	14.0	635.0	2017.5.10-2018.9.15
洛阳Luoyang, LY	112°24′12″	34°25′11″	250	13.8	578.0	2017.5.23-2019.4.15

地点 Site	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤pH Soil pH	作物类型¹⁾ Crop type	氮肥种类占比^2） Proportion of nitrogen fertilizer species (%)			施氮量 Nitrogen application rate (kg·hm^-2)
地点 Site	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤pH Soil pH	作物类型¹⁾ Crop type	尿素 Urea	氯化铵³⁾ NH₄Cl	其他氮肥 Other N	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate (kg·hm^-2)
新乡XX	潮土 CT	8.7	W-M	55	43	2	500
平顶山PDS	黄棕壤HZT	6.5	W-M	60	38	2	500
黄泛区HFQ	黄褐土HHT	6.7	W-M	57	41	2	480
郑州ZZ	潮土CT	8.2	W-M	53	45	2	500
漯河LH	砂姜黑土SJHT	5.9	W-M	62	36	2	470
许昌XC	砂姜黑土SJHT	5.9	W-M	62	36	2	480
焦作JZ	潮土/褐土CT/HT	6.8	W-M	54	44	2	500
安阳AY	潮土CT	8.5	W-M	57	41	2	500
开封KF	潮土CT	8.4	W-M	55	43	2	550
洛阳LY	褐土HT	7.1	W-M	56	42	2	480

		NH₃	pH	Pre.	N	Tem.
相关性 Correlation	NH₃	1	0.831	-0.568	0.859	0.353
	pH		1	-0.772	0.638	-0.646
	Pre.			1	-0.344	0.404
	N				1	-0.384
	Tem.					1
显著性（单尾） Significance (single tail)	NH₃		0.001**	0.043*	0.001**	0.070
	pH			0.004**	0.024*	0.022*
	Pre.				0.166	0.124
	N					0.137
	Tem.

Variation Characteristics and Key Influencing Factors of Near-Surface Ambient Ammonia Concentration in Typical Cropland Areas in Henan Province

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